to read
→
to learn, study
67 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme | еджэн (jeǯen) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | Šaov 1975: 106 Txarkaxo 1991: 77 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Aghul | |
| Lexeme | рухас | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Ramazanov 2010 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Andi | |
| Lexeme | балиду | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Archi | |
| Lexeme | олІмус | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Assamese | |
| Lexeme | porha (পঢ়া) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Avar | |
| Lexeme | цІцІалде | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Andalal dialect цIализе - Ansalta dialect, цІцІалзи - Antsukh, цІцІализи - Araderikh, цIализе - East Gergebil, цІалле - Hid, цІалзи - Karakh, цІализи - Khanzakh, сІсІалзи - Kusur |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Azerbaijani | |
| Lexeme | oxumaq | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | Qəzet oxuyan qadın. Woman reading a newspaper. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | Bakı Dövlət Universitetində psixologiya oxuyuram. I study psychology in Baku State University. |
| Reference | ARRAL Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bai | |
| Lexeme | ɣɯ⁴² | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Balochi | |
| Lexeme | wān-, wānt- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bartangi | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bashkir | |
| Lexeme | уҡыу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | Китапты беренсенән бишенсе бүлеккә тиклем уҡыу. Уны ҡышын класташ малайҙар менән журналдың һәр һаны теткеләнгәнсе уҡый инек. Бөгөн дә мин үҙ шиғырҙарын башҡаларға һеңдерерҙәй итеп уҡый алмаған шағирҙарға шикләнеңкерәп ҡарайым. To read the book from the first to the fifth chapter. In the winters, we used to read it (together) with classmate boys until (we) tore each issue of the journal into pieces. Also today, I look with some doubt at (those) poets (who) cannot read their poems so that they make an imprint in others('s minds). |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Олораҡ балалар күрше ауыл мәктәбенә йөрөп уҡыны. Older children went to the school in the neighbor village. |
| Reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996 English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bengali | |
| Lexeme | poṛa (পড়া) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bezhta | |
| Lexeme | хъовал | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Khasharkhota dialect; Tlyadal dialect, Karauzek subdialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chamalal | |
| Lexeme | цӀалдила | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Gigatli dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chuka (Meru) | |
| Lexeme | kuthoma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | دَرَسَ darasa | |
| Lexeme 2 | دَرَسَ darasa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read (a book) | تَدَارَسَ القُرْآنَ ; تَدَارَسُوا الكِتَابَ حَتَّى حَفِظُوهُ He read the Quran, i.e. he returned to it time after time, in order that he might not forget it. (itterative stem) They read the book (read repeatedly, or studied it, or read and learned it, together, teaching one another), until they retained it in memory. |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to attend lessons by such and such professor | |
| Reference | BK: I 688 Lane: 871 | |
| Comment | The direction of shift is rather from B to A. The Hebrew cognate drš has the meaning 'to seek, to enquire about, to investigete, to search' (HALOT 233) - probably this develops into 'to study', and hence into 'to read'. | |
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | قَرَأَ qaraˀa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read, recite | (قَرَأَ بصوت مسموع (~ جهرا to read aloud |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ He read, or recited (as a teacher, or an informant), to him the Quran (as a pupil, or learner). |
| Reference | Lane: 2503 | |
| Comment | قَرَأَ signifies properly "he read, or recited, the Scripture chanting"; like as أَنْشَدَ properly signifies “he recited” poetry “chanting with a high voice", for Scripture and poetry are usually chanted. Then, he read, or recited, anything in any manner, without, or from, or in, a book. (Lane ibid.) to read aloud -> to read (= recite) -> to study. learn |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dargwa (literary) | |
| Lexeme | учІес | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Gapshima, Gubden, Kadar, Mekegi, Urakhi учІана - Muiri dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dargwa (literary) | |
| Lexeme | белчӀий | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Sirkhi dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dari | |
| Lexeme | xvån- : xvånd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (colloquial) to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Doe | |
| Lexeme | ku-soma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | خواندن xānd-an | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | اين كتاب را خواندم in ketāb rā xānd-am I read this book |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | زبان انگليسي ميخوانم zabān-e englisi mi-xān-am I am learning English |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 574 | |
| Comment | The same in many other Iranic languages ЭСИЯ 3, 459 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | okumaa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gusii | |
| Lexeme | gosoma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hani | |
| Lexeme | tsv̩⁵⁵ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hindi | |
| Lexeme | paṛhnā (पढ़ना) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | NorthEuraLex Bahri 1989: 368 McGregor 1993: 595 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ingush | |
| Lexeme | деша | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Juhuri (Judeo-Tat) | |
| Lexeme | хунде | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karata | |
| Lexeme | цІцІала̄лъа | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karata | |
| Lexeme | цІеледу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Tokitin dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kazakh | |
| Lexeme | оқу (oqu) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 651 NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khams Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | ɬuʔ⁵³ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khinalug | |
| Lexeme | ликІуьври | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khufi | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xēd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khwarshi | |
| Lexeme | цІалида | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kumyk | |
| Lexeme | охумакъ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kyrghyz | |
| Lexeme | окуу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Judaxin (ed.) 1957 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | кІелун (k’elun) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | ктаб кIелун to read a book |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | LezgRus: 216 | |
| Comment | Тthe same in the Udi К1АЛ-ПЕСУН, where the root К1АЛ- is possibly related. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lisu | |
| Lexeme | so⁴⁴ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mang (Austroasiatic) | |
| Lexeme | ʔɛp.55 | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nogai | |
| Lexeme | окув | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Oroshori (Roshorvi) | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ottoman Turkish | |
| Lexeme | okumak (اوقومق) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Redhouse, James W. (1890) A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 261 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Punjabi | |
| Lexeme | paṛhnā (ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ, پڑھنا) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | taĩ kihṛīā̃ kitābā̃ paṛhīā̃ hana? (ਤੈਂ ਕਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਪੜ੍ਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ?) Which books have you read? |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | jor mārke paṛh lavo (ਜੋਰ ਮਾਰਕੇ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਲਵੋ।) Put in work and study for yourself. |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Rushani | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xēyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | páṭhati (पठति) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | MW: 580 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sariqoli | |
| Lexeme | xuy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Selkup | |
| Lexeme | то̄ргу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | мат то̄рбам I have read |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Нача́ӷэт то́рӽат хи́мияп, арк уро́калап There they studied chemistry and other lessons. |
| Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Shughni | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xêyt-, xêyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | daalacasho | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 59 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Southern Kurdish | |
| Lexeme | xūn-, xvānd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | Abdui dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | soma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | soma kitabu to read a book |
| Meaning 2 | to study | alianza kusomea uhandisi wa ndege He started studying aircraft engineering |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | urχub | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | кагъаз урхуб to read a letter |
| Meaning 2 | to study | йиз чвуччву институтдиъ урхура My brother goes to university. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 299). The same in Agul (РУХАС). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tajiki | |
| Lexeme | xon-, xond- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Talysh | |
| Lexeme | han-, hand- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme | paṭi (படி) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | From Sanskrit |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | уку | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Telugu | |
| Lexeme | paṭhanamu (పఠనము) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Brown Telugu dictionary: 699 IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thai | |
| Lexeme | ān | |
| Meaning 1 | to read, to declaim | ān nay jay to read silently |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to grasp | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Morev 1964, 884 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thao | |
| Lexeme | shupilh | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | Also 'to count'. See also in close related Bunun ma-sipul 'to count' and 'study, learn', but not 'to read'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tsez | |
| Lexeme | тІетІра | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | okumak | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udi | |
| Lexeme | кIал-песун | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Gukasjan 1974 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Uzbek | |
| Lexeme | oʻqimoq | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wakhi | |
| Lexeme | ǰoy- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭСИЯ 3, 271, Стеблин-Каменский 1999, 200 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yazghulami | |
| Lexeme | xān-, xant- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zazaki | |
| Lexeme | wend- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
In Iranian languages 'to sing, to recite, to read aloud' → 'to read' → 'to learn, study' from Proto-Iranian *hu̯an-, *hun 'to sound', 'to speak loudly, to recite, to sing' ЭСИЯ 3, 459-461.
Proto-Turkic *okï- 'to call', 'to read' ЭСТЯ 1, 439-441
CLICS-3 504-724