firm, solid greedy 7 realizations
ACCEPTED Realization 1
Type Polysemy
Language Aghul
Lexeme c'upːef
Meaning 1 solid, hard me t'il c'upːef e
this rope is strong
Meaning 2 greedy ibrihim pːara c'upːe idemi e
Ibrahim is a very greedy person
Reference
Comment (Sulejmanov 2003)
ACCEPTED Realization 2
Type Polysemy
Language Classical Arabic
Lexeme ṣaluba
Meaning 1 'to be hard, firm, rigid, stiff, tough, strong, robust, sturdy' ṣalubat-i l-ʔarḍ-u mund̲u ʔaʕwām-in
'The land has been hard by lying waste for years'
Direction
Meaning 2 to be mean ṣaluba ʕalā l-māl-i
'he was, or became, tenacious, or avaricious, of property'
Reference
Comment (Lane 1711) Meaning A is rather "hard, solid"
ACCEPTED Realization 3
Type Polysemy
Language Hill Mari
Lexeme яча
Meaning 1 hard, solid
Direction
Meaning 2 stingy
Reference Savatkova 2008
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
Type Polysemy
Language Kabardian
Lexeme bǝde
Meaning 1 strong, hard, solid
Meaning 2 stingy, mean
Reference
Comment СКЧЯ: 53
ACCEPTED Realization 5
Type Polysemy
Language Lezgian
Lexeme k’ewi
Meaning 1 strong, solid кIеви парча
strong fabrics
Meaning 2 greedy, mean ам гзаф кIеви инсан я
He is a very stingy person.
Reference
Comment (LezgRus 215)
NEW Realization 6
Type Polysemy
Language Rutul
Lexeme čʼidkʼɨd
Meaning 1 firm, solid

mi xuw čʼidkʼɨd jiʔi, meli


this bread is stale, don't eat it

Direction
Meaning 2 greedy

čʼirkʼɨnow šešun sekinowɨs wɨlcʼar diš


a miser never gives anything to anyone

Reference Alekseeva et al. 2023 Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019: 433
Comment

In (Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019) there is no such shift (Mukhad dialect).

Data given for Kina Rutul (filed data)

ACCEPTED Realization 7
Type Polysemy
Language Tabassaran
Lexeme ižmi
Meaning 1 hard, firm, solid ижми тIурин
strong rope
Direction
Meaning 2 acaricious, greedy (fig.) мукьан ижми махьан
Do not be mean.
Reference
Comment (TabRus 173)