head
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boss
29 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | glux (գլուխ) | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | leader, chief | |
| Reference | Galstjan 1984: 160 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Arosi | |
| Lexeme | bwau- | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief, leader | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | kortô | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | head, chief, leader, director, instructor | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2013: 388 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Buriat | |
| Lexeme | толгой | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | head, master, leader | |
| Reference | Čeremisov 1973: 425-426 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme | glava | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | boss | |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | head | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | head, boss | head of the department head of the department |
| Reference | Koptjevskaja-Tamm 2008: 27 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | سر sar | |
| Meaning 1 | head | سرش درد ميكند sar-aš dard mikonad he has a headache |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | head, boss | |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 2, 26 | |
| Comment | В значении "старший, главный" употребляется в первой части в сложных словах | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | rəʔs | |
| Meaning 1 | head | təḳbāʔ rəʔəsaka wataḫaḍab gaṣṣaka Matth. 6:17: 'let you anoint your head and wash your face' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief (leader) | rəʔsa kāhənāt 'the head of the priests'; |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LGz. 459; LLA 294-295. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | fej | |
| Meaning 1 | head | fejbe ütni to hit somebody on the head |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | chief | az állam feje head of state |
| Reference | Gal’di 1987: 214, 252-253 | |
| Comment | Also adjective fő 'main, principal' and 'chief' (családfő 'head of the family', kormánifő 'head of the government') derivated from fej | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | höfuð | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief | |
| Reference | Berkov et al. 1962 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Irish Gaelic | |
| Lexeme | ceann | |
| Meaning 1 | head | Mo cheann My head |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | boss | ceann roinne head of department |
| Reference | Ó Dónaill 1977: 204 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khmer | |
| Lexeme | kba:l | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | head, chief | |
| Reference | Gorgoniev 1984: 89 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kildin Saami | |
| Lexeme | вуэййв | |
| Meaning 1 | head | выгклэ вӯйвэнѣ to shake one's head |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | chief, chairman | сыййт Совеhт вуэййв the chairman of the village council |
| Reference | Kuruč 1985: 60 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | юр | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | head, superior | овмöсса юр the master of the household |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000: 775 | |
| Comment | also юрлысь 'head' (юрлысь Коми Республикаса 'The Head of the Komi Republic') | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lak | |
| Lexeme | bak' | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | leader, boss | аьралуннал бакI the army leader |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (Khajdakov 1962: 50). Cf. the derivative бакIчи 'leader, head, chief' (p. 51). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | French | |
| Lexeme 1 | caput | |
| Lexeme 2 | chef | |
| Meaning 1 | head | oscitat in campis caput a cervice revulsum the head torn off from its neck gapes on the ground (Ennius) |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief | chef d'entreprise director, leader of an enterprise |
| Reference | Robert historique: 719-724 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | q’il | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | head, leader | колхоздин кьил the director of a collective farm |
| Reference | LezgRus: 203-204 | |
| Comment | The same in Tabassaran (КIУЛ), cf. (TabRus 214). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | shǒu | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | head, leader, chief, originator | |
| Reference | BKRS: 2791 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | вуй | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | boss | Еш кугу огыл гынат, ешлан вуй лияш логале. (Анатолий Айзенворт) Although the family is small, I had to become the head of the family. I stunned Sakar Kavrij, the leader of the deserters. |
| Reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Nganasan | |
| Lexeme 1 | ңойбуо | |
| Lexeme 2 | ңойбу | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | chief | |
| Reference | NMS: 2039, 2042 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | голова (golova) | |
| Lexeme 2 | golova | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | chief | городской голова mayor |
| Reference | MAS | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | mūrdhán | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief (applied to persons) | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW 826 | |
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme | глава (glava) | |
| Meaning 1 | head | Uvek me boli glava kad je ovakvo vreme. I always get a headache when the weather is like this. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | boss, leader | глава државе leader of state |
| Reference | CLARIN.SI Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 194 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Soyot | |
| Lexeme | баъш | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | boss, chief | |
| Reference | Рассадин 2003 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | kichwa | |
| Meaning 1 | head | kichwa wazi with uncovered head |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | leader | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thai | |
| Lexeme | ˈhǔa | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | boss | |
| Reference | Morev 1964: 831 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | йыр | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | chief (n.) | |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Uzbek | |
| Lexeme | бош | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Meaning 2 | head, boss | бош инженер chief engineer |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The same in Gagauz баш (ГРМС 75). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| Lexeme 1 | kova | |
| Lexeme 2 | kovanao | |
| Meaning 1 | head | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | governor, leader of a religious society | |
| Reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 82-83 | |
| Comment | ||