to soil, make dirty
→
to disgrace, dishonor
17 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Ancient Greek | |
Lexeme | μιαίνω | |
Meaning 1 | to soil | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to stain, to blemish (fig.) | |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Azerbaijani | |
Lexeme | lәkәlә- | |
Meaning 1 | to soil | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace | |
Reference | ARRAL: 175 | |
Comment | The same in the Gagauz лекеле- ГРМС 317. |
NEW Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Dagur | |
Lexeme | бажир | |
Meaning 1 | dirty, impure | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | disgraceful, dishonoured, vile, shameful | |
Reference | Тумурдэй Цыбенов Краткий дагурско-русский словарь: 20 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | French | |
Lexeme | salir | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | Les enfants ont sali le parquet The kids have made the parquet floor dirty |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | un scandale qui salit un homme politique a scandal that dishonors a politician |
Reference | Larousse online | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Gagauz | |
Lexeme | batakla- | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty with mud | |
Meaning 2 | to discredit | |
Reference | ||
Comment | ГРМС 74. |
NEW Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Ingush | |
Lexeme | бIехде | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
Reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Italian | |
Lexeme | sporcare | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to stain | |
Meaning 2 | to dishonor, to abuse | |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Kildin Saami | |
Lexeme | мāрръе | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to smear | мāрръе кӣдэтѣ поайнэнѣ to stain walls with paint |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, to blacken | мāрръе кēнн-е нэ̄м to foul smb's name |
Reference | Kuruč 1985: 184 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Romanian | |
Lexeme | a înnegri | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, to stain, to make dirty | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, to tar, to tarnish | |
Reference | DEX98 | |
Comment | DRRS 1, 1139, DEX98 |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme | marat' | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, to make dirty, to smear (Dahl) | |
Meaning 2 | to besmear | Янукович не хочет марать свою репутацию, помогая Ющенко. Yanukovich does not want to soil his reputation by helping Yushchenko. (from the web) |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme | pačkat' | |
Meaning 1 | to soli | пачкать руки to soil one's hands |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace smn, to slander | пачкать чьё-либо честное имя to bring one's name down to the dirt |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Derivation | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme 1 | pjatno | |
Lexeme 2 | pjatnat' | |
Meaning 1 | spot | |
Meaning 2 | to smear | пятнать чье-либо честное имя to stain smb's name |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tabassaran | |
Lexeme | ka(b)c’ub | |
Meaning 1 | to soil | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, to dishonour, to discredit | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (TabRus 187) |
ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tabassaran | |
Lexeme | ruswaʁ | |
Meaning 1 | soiled | русвагъ хьуб to get dirty, stained |
Meaning 2 | dishonoured | русвагъ хьуб to disgrace oneself |
Reference | ||
Comment | (TabRus 262). The same in Lezgian (LezgRus 281). |
ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Turkish | |
Lexeme | çamurla- | |
Meaning 1 | to make dirty with mud | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to blur, to besmear (smn) | |
Reference | Baskakov 1977: 167 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Turkish | |
Lexeme | kirlet- | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
Reference | Baskakov 1977: 553 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Turkish | |
Lexeme | kirlet- | |
Meaning 1 | to soil, make dirty | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to disgrace, dishonor | |
Reference | Baskakov 1977: 553 | |
Comment |
Ср. переход грязный - подлый