to tremble
→
to fear, be afraid
23 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Ancient Greek | |
| Language 2 | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme | φρίσσω | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble, to quiver, to shiver | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | cf. also loanwords: Alb. frikë ‘worry, fear’, Rum. frică ‘fear’ | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | τρέμω | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | τρέμε δ᾽ οὔρεα the mountains trembled (Homer) |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | πόσιν τρέμοσα, μὴ δόμων νιν ἐκβάλη fearing that her husband would kick her away |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LSJ 1813. The same in the verb τρομέω | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | srsp(h)al | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | АрмРС 620 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Burmese | |
| Lexeme | тоун | |
| Meaning 1 | to vibrate, to tremble | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Novikov et al. 1976, 251 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | сорномс | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭрзРС 603 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | craindre | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | Doza 1956: 201 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | trembler | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | trembler de peur to tremble with fear |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | Il tremblait d'apprendre la vérité. He was afraid to find out the truth. |
| Reference | Larousse online | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | rəʕda | |
| Meaning 1 | tremble, quake | rəʕdat wa-ʔadlaḳlaḳat mədr 'the earth quaked and shook' (Ps. 17:8) |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | shudder | wa-farhat yəʔəti bəʔəsit wa-rəʕdat 'and this woman was frightened and shook' (Mark 5:33) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LGz. 459). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | dangaḍa | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble, to shake | wawwəʕu ʔəsrāʔel baʕabiy ḳāl wa-dangaḍat mədr (1 Reg. 4:5) And the Israelites shouted in a loud voice and the earth shook. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to tremble from terror, fear, to be terrified, frightened | dangiḍomu gʷayyu (Judith 15:2) Having been frightened, they fled. |
| Reference | LLA: 1119-20 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme | schaudern | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble (with cold) | |
| Meaning 2 | to be terrified, to shudder | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hill Mari | |
| Lexeme | цӹтӹрӓш | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | tremble with fear | |
| Reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | зӧрксьӧдны | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid, to fear | |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | pavito, -are | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble, to be feverish | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Glare 1312-1313 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | French | |
| Lexeme 1 | tremo, -ere | |
| Lexeme 2 | craindre | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Glare 1969 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | jì | |
| Meaning 1 | to wave, to vaccilate | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to tremble, to quiver (e.g. heart) | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | БКРС 5189 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nganasan | |
| Lexeme | ңонiрмӱся | |
| Meaning 1 | to shudder, to startle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be scared | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | НМС 2059 | |
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | содрогание | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fear, horror | Нельзя было без содрогания представить того
беспросветного будущего, которое их ждало It was impossible to imagine the hopeless future
that awaited them without shuddering |
| Reference | NRC | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | vyath | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid of | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW1031, Кочергина 626 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | tras | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble , quiver | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be afraid | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW 457, Кочергина 249 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | sisim[u]ka | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble | sisimuka kwa baridi to tremble with cold |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to shudder, to get scared | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | papa | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to pulsate | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be anxious, to worry | moyo unampaра He is worried |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | tänḳäṭḳäṭä | |
| Meaning 1 | to tremble, shiver | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | shudder, quiver, shake with fright | ʔabboʔu nəḥawu kiharrəmo məsrəʔe bəzuḥ tänḳäṭḳäṭä He trembled a lot when he saw his father beat his brother. |
| Reference | TED: 1046 | |
| Comment | Cf. also tänḳäṭḳaṭi 'timid, one who is frightened and trembles easily; tremblor, earthquake' (TED 1046). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | куалектыны | |
| Meaning 1 | to shudder, to startle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be frightened | |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
(Якубович 2003)