witness
→
martyr
4 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | μάρτυς | |
| Meaning 1 | witness | |
| Meaning 2 | martyr | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | martyr = "the one who testified with his/her own blood". | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | šahīd- | |
| Meaning 1 | witness | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | martyr | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | BK I 1280. Cf. also šahādat- 'testimony; martyrdom'. A greek calque. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | شهادت šahādat | |
| Meaning 1 | evidence, testimony | شهادت دروغي šahādat-e doruɣi false testimony |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | martyr's death | به شهادت رسیدن be šahādat residan to die a martyr's death |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 120 | |
| Comment | ПРС 521-522. Arabic borrowing, see below. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | samāʕt | |
| Meaning 1 | witness | nāhu samāʕtəya wəsta samāy Job 16:19 ‘behold, my witness is in Heaven' |
| Meaning 2 | martyr | ba-zāti ʕəlat samāʕta kona 'was a martyr on that day…' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LGz. 501; LLA 339. A Greek calque - directly or via Arabic. | |