<manufacturer, producer>
→
commodity, goods
9 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | English | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Yo-Yo | |
| Lexeme 2 | jo-jo | |
| Meaning 1 | ||
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | a flywheel on a thread, a toy | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | It was called after Yo-Yo Manufacturing Company (started in 1928). In 1965 the court decided that the word yo-yo was a common name. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | English | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Gramophone | |
| Lexeme 2 | grammofon | |
| Meaning 1 | ||
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | gramophone | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The Gramophone company was founded by Emile Berliner to counerbalance that of Edison and it was the first company to produce audiorecordings on flat disks. In 1931 Gramophone and Graphophone merged into EMI. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | English | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Xerox | |
| Lexeme 2 | kseroks | |
| Meaning 1 | manufacturer's name | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | photocopier | А какой фирмы у тебя ксерокс? What brand is your copy machine? |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. ксерить 'to make copies (on Xerox machine)' and the derivatives. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | French | |
| Language 2 | Romanian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Nescafé | |
| Lexeme 2 | nescafe, nes | |
| Meaning 1 | manufacturer, producer | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | soluble coffee | |
| Reference | CNRTL | |
| Comment | Nescafé образовано из Nestlé и café. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Italian | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Jacuzzi | |
| Lexeme 2 | džakuzi | |
| Meaning 1 | ||
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | Jacuzzi | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The company Jacuzzi Inc., was founded by an American of Italian origin. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Japanese | |
| Language 2 | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme 1 | Canon | |
| Lexeme 2 | kanon | |
| Meaning 1 | ||
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | copy machine | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. the verb канондох 'to make a blueprint'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Unitas | |
| Lexeme 2 | unitaz | |
| Meaning 1 | manufacturer name | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | toilet bowl | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | After the company name, Unitas (Lat. unitas - unity), that produced such vases, and also due to the association with the Russian word таз (bowl). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | erofeič | |
| Meaning 1 | the patronimics of the person who invented the drink | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ancient vodka, with aromatic herbs | Мне ничто ни почем: быль бы ерофеич с калачем! (Даль) I can do everything, I just need vodka and bread! (Dal') |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | After its inventor's name, the middle of the 18th century (Vasmer II, 226). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | Thermos | |
| Lexeme 2 | termos | |
| Meaning 1 | manufacturer's name | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | thermos | Взял с собою в дорогу термос с горячим кофе. (He) took a vacuum flask with hot coffee for the trip. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||