to hang
→
to depend
13 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme 1 | visjeti | |
| Lexeme 2 | zavisiti | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme 1 | hænge | |
| Lexeme 2 | afhænge | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | hænge på væggen to hang on the wall |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | |
| Reference | DDO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme 1 | hang | |
| Lexeme 2 | hang on | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | A large handbag hung from her shoulder. A large handbag hung from her shoulder. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | The team's survival in the league hangs on the result of this game. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. Also Germ. hängen 'hang' - abhängen 'depend' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | függ | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | ez attól függ it depends on this |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 258 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Jewish Palestinian Aramaic | |
| Lexeme | tly | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang, suspend (tr.) | mn dtlh šwmyh dlh bšlšln the one who suspended the sky without chains |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to make dependent | dʔynwn ʔklyn wtlyy byh they eat (the bread) and rely on him (pass. part.) |
| Reference | DJPA: 582 | |
| Comment | The shift is attested in the causative stem only. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | French | |
| Lexeme 1 | dependo, -ere | |
| Lexeme 2 | dépendre | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Fr. pendre 'hang' - dépendre 'depend', Ital. pendere 'hang' - dipendere 'depend', Span. pender 'hang' - depender 'depend' Семантический переход to hang - to depend был уже в лат. dependeo (Дворецкий 1976: 308). |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Norwegian | |
| Lexeme 1 | henge | |
| Lexeme 2 | avhenge | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | det hang malerier på alle vegger paintings hung on all the walls |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | alt avhenger av hans svar everything depends on his answer |
| Reference | BO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | висеть (viset') | |
| Lexeme 2 | зависеть (zaviset') | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang (intr.) | картина висит на стене 'The picture is hanging on the wall' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend on something | время вылета зависит от погоды 'The time of departure depends on the weather' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | A Latin or a French calque | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | ālamb | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend on smth | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW 153, Кочергина 100 | |
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | висити (visiti) | |
| Lexeme 2 | зависити (zavisiti) | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | зависити од Европе, зависити од родитеља depend on Europe, depend on parent |
| Reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 151, 384 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Spanish | |
| Lexeme | colgar | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Narumov 1995: 202 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme 1 | hänga | |
| Lexeme 2 | avhänga | |
| Meaning 1 | to hang | tavlan hängde över bokhyllan the blackboard hung over the bookcase |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to depend | resultatet avhänger av många olika faktorer, inte minst vädret the result will depend on many different factors, not least on the weather |
| Reference | SAO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | tänṭälṭälä | |
| Meaning 1 | to be hung up, to be hanging | bä-mäḥnäḳ̌i tänṭälṭilom ʔalläwu they were hanged on a gallows |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be dependent on | nay ʔarbaʕtä miliyon həzbi ʕədəl ʔabza ṣäbbab bärri ʔəziʔ kətənṭəlṭäl nəməntay gäyromwa? why did they make the fate of four million people dependent on that narrow [relief] corridor |
| Reference | TED: 2407 | |
| Comment | ||
AZ: История появления в русском языке слова зависеть точно не установлена. Этот глагол появляется в начале XVIII в. в деловой письменности, первоначально с управлением "на", возможно как калька с нем. abhängen, который приобрел значение to depend под влиянием франц. dépendre (см. Виноградов В.В. История слов. М., 1994: 176-181).