blacksmith
→
wizard, magician
7 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Ancient Hebrew | |
| Language 2 | Syriac | |
| Lexeme 1 | חָרָשׁ ḥārāš, ḥōrēš | |
| Lexeme 2 | ḥarrāšā | |
| Meaning 1 | craftsman (on stone), mason, carpenter, metalworker/smith, armourer, caster | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | magician | |
| Reference | Blažek 2010: 83 | |
| Comment | Cf. Ugaritic ḥrš 'craftsman, manual worker; artisan, builder, armourer, fitter', Aramaic ḥārāš 'magician", ḥarš-īn 'magic', Geez ḥarāsi 'magician, who has the divining spirit, enchanter'; cf. Akkadian eršu 'wise', Ugaritic ḥrš 'magic spell', Syriac pl. ḥeršē & ḥaršē 'magic, enchantments", Mandaic haršin 'enchantment, magic', Arabic sir. 'magic'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Old East Slavic | |
| Language 2 | Upper Sorbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | кузло | |
| Lexeme 2 | kuzłaŕ | |
| Meaning 1 | blacksmith work, forging | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | sorcerer | |
| Reference | SA: 2, 529 | |
| Comment | Also Upper Sorbian kuzłaŕ, Lower Sorbian kuzłaŕ, Old Czech kuzléř, Czech kouzelník, Moravian kuzlíř 'wizard, magician'. Another Slavic evidence Czech kouzliti, Slovak kuzliť 'to bewitch, charm', Czech kouzlo, (dial.) krouzlo, Slovak kúzlo, Upper Sorbian kuzlo 'sorcery', Old East Slavic кузло 'blacksmith work, forging', Russian in different dialects кузло 'blacksmith work', 'forged product', 'place where horses are shod', 'forge', 'anvil' (SRNG 16, 24), Belarusan (dial.) кузла 'grain ears in a field, spun with a magical purpose ' ESSJa 13, 142-143. ESSJa suggests direction 'blacksmith work' → 'craftiness' → 'sorcery'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Old East Slavic | |
| Lexeme | кузньцъ | |
| Meaning 1 | blacksmith | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wizard, sorcerer; itinerant actor | |
| Reference | SRJa XI-XVII: 8, 109 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | nahābāy | |
| Meaning 1 | blacksmith | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | evil spirit | |
| Reference | WTS: 323 | |
| Comment | Cf. Gez. nahābi 'smith' (CDG 393) is often employed in the magical texts as a name of sorcerer or evil spirit (see e.g. Worrell 1914-15:127). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | ṭäbbib | |
| Meaning 1 | name applied to metalworkers | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wizard, magician, sorcerer | |
| Reference | TED: 2457 | |
| Comment | The original meaning is 'to be wise, crafty'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Xamtanga (Khamir) | |
| Lexeme | ləbäm | |
| Meaning 1 | blacksmith | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | magician | |
| Reference | Blažek 2010: 90 | |
| Comment | ləb 'clever' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Zulu | |
| Lexeme 1 | um-bethi | |
| Lexeme 2 | isi-bethelo | |
| Meaning 1 | blacksmith | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | magical protective remedy; love potion | |
| Reference | Луцков А.Д. Зулу-Русский словарь 2014: 18 | |
| Comment | ||
ESSJa 12, 5-11, 13, 142-143; SA 2, 529; 3, 22, Ivanov, Toporov 1974, 159-163, Blažek 2010, Mircea Eliade Forgerons et alchimistes (1956). Cf. Amh. buda 'spirit who causes harm by means of the evil eye; person who has the power to cause people to get sick. Popular tradition in rural areas held that tranditional workers in iron possessed this capability' (K 934). See on this concept EAE I 633-635.