country, land
—
world
16 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Abkhaz | |
| Lexeme | атəыла (atʼʷəla) | |
| Meaning 1 | country, land | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Genko 1998: 232 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Barbareño | |
| Lexeme | shup | |
| Meaning 1 | earth; ground, soil, dirt, land | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ineseño | |
| Lexeme | šup | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, soil, dirt; place | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kawaiisu | |
| Lexeme | tii-pɨ | |
| Meaning 1 | dirt; earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kitanemuk | |
| Lexeme | tɨva-č | |
| Meaning 1 | land, earth, ground | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | му (mu) | |
| Meaning 1 | country, land | коми йӧзлӧн мӧд му абу Komi people have no other land |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | му пуксьӧмсянь from the creation of the world |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lakota | |
| Lexeme | makȟá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | мланде (mlande) | |
| Meaning 1 | country, land | Шочмо мланде йырваш паша дене йӱклана. work is in full swing in native land |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | Earth, world | Мланде Кече йыр пӧрдеш. Earth moves around the Sun |
| Reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romani | |
| Lexeme | them | |
| Meaning 1 | land, country | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Dolenjski Romani | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Santee-Sisseton | |
| Lexeme | makhá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature’ | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Seri | |
| Lexeme | hant | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, dirt, land, place | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world, earth | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Serrano | |
| Lexeme | tiyʳvac | |
| Meaning 1 | earth; land; ground | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Wappo | |
| Lexeme 1 | ɔʹma | |
| Lexeme 2 | ɔmɔ | |
| Meaning 1 | earth | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wikchamni | |
| Lexeme | pʰaʔan | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, land, country | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yankton-Yanktonai | |
| Lexeme | makȟá | |
| Meaning 1 | earth, ground; dirt, soil, dust; land, estate | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | the earth, the world; nature | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yuki | |
| Lexeme | ʔon | |
| Meaning 1 | ground, land | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | world | |
| Reference | Zhivlov 2019 | |
| Comment | ||
Also Palewyami Hah-pahsˊ ‘land, earth, or ground’, Wĕ-kā-hahˊ-pel ‘the whole world’ (Merriam), hapil ‘earth’, nema ha’pil ‘world’ (Kroeber) (Zhivlov 2019)