enemy war 4 realizations
NEW Realization 1
Type Polysemy
Language Ifugaw
Lexeme būhul
Meaning 1 (Batad) an enemy of a village; i.e. a person of another village
Direction
Meaning 2 (Batad) wartime; for two or more hostile villages to engage in warfare against each other
Reference ACD
Comment Also Ifugaw búhul 'enemy'. Traditionally warfare was potentially engaged in with any village with which there was not a truce agreement (bayaw). Warfare was caused by disputes over territorial boundaries or use of public forests. Rampant and serious theft or more trivial matters could finally result in warfare. The heads of enemies killed in battle were taken, and sometimes hands or feet, and ceremonies involving these body parts performed
NEW Realization 2
Type Derivation
Language Ilokano
Lexeme 1 ka-búsor
Lexeme 2 busór-en
Meaning 1 enemy
Direction
Meaning 2 oppose, counteract, counterwork, antagonize, war against
Reference ACD
Comment
NEW Realization 3
Type Polysemy
Language Kankanaey
Lexeme bóso
Meaning 1 enemy, foe
Direction
Meaning 2 war, warfare, battle, fight, engagement, combat, contest
Reference ACD
Comment Austronesian *busuR₁ 'enemy': Paiwan vutu ‘enemy’, ma-vutu ‘be at enmity’, ki-vutu ‘become the enemy of’, Yami vosoy ‘hatred, enemy’, Bontok búsul ‘enemy’, Ibaloy bosol ‘headhunter, bandit, raider’, Pangasinan bosól ‘enmity’, ka-bosól ‘enemy, foe; be enemies’, Bikol maki-búsog ‘struggle, grapple, fight with’, mag-busóg-an ‘struggle with one another’, b-ur-usóg-an ‘tug-of-war’, ma-ka-búsog ‘struggle, grapple, fight with’, Ngadha busu ‘enemy, foe; hostile; make an enemy of someone, not speak to one another’, Siraya vugog ‘enemy’.
ACCEPTED Realization 4
Type Polysemy
Language Latin
Lexeme hostis
Meaning 1 enemy
Direction
Meaning 2 military campaign desideratus hoste Gutica (CIL, III, 11700)
Reference
Comment Бурсье 65