DatSemShift

Number of realizations

30

father

→

<term of address to a man>

ID	Meaning 1	Direction	Meaning 2
3870	uncle (mother's brother)	—	<term of address to a man>	Open

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Tamil
Lexeme		appā
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	<term of address to a elder man or a man of lower social status>
Reference		Tamil lexicon
Related Languages
Comment		The word is used as term of address 1) in direct sense, to an elder man; 2) in metaphorical sense, to a person "lower in social status or younger".

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Brahui
Lexeme		abā
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to an elder man
Reference		Bray_Brahui dictionary
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Russian
Lexeme		отец, otec
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	<term of address to a man>	И дашь ты нам, отец, к водке ветчины вестфальской и луку испанского "And you give us, father, Westphalian ham and Spanish onion [for a snack] to vodka.Maxim Gorky, The Life of Klim Samgin "
Reference		Efremova 2000
Related Languages
Comment		Used as a familiar appeal to an elderly man. BAS 8, 1364-1366

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Yaqui (Hiaki)
Lexeme		hapchi
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	title of respect used by a woman to a man
Reference		Dictionary Yaqui page 40
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Mandarin Chinese
Lexeme		fù (父)
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	<term of address to a man>
Reference		BKRS
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Ancient Greek
Lexeme		πατήρ
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself	ξεῖνε πάτερ! "venerable wanderer!"
Reference		LSJ
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Romanian
Lexeme		tată
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address for a child (or a young person) to mark a relationship of familiarity and sympathy
Reference		DEX98
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Romanian
Lexeme		tată
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a (older) man in respect or affection
Reference		DEX98
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Swahili
Lexeme		baba
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	a form of respectful address to elders by age, position, rank, etc.
Reference		Polikanov
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Zulu
Lexeme		u-baba
Meaning 1	(my, our) father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a respected elder man
Reference		Bryant 1905 page 13
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Bube
Lexeme		böiè
Meaning 1	father
Direction	—
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Bolekia 2009 page 120
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Dan
Lexeme		dë
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address used for men of the parent's generation
Reference		Vydrine Kességbeu 2008 page 120
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Hausa
Lexeme		baba
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a elder man
Reference		Ol'derogge ed. 1963 page 27
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Turkmen
Lexeme		ата (ata)
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	<term of address to a man>
Reference		ESTJA page 1 200-201
Related Languages
Comment		Also Uzbek, Turkish (dialct. ede), Kumyk.

Realization
Type		Derivation
Language		Kazakh
Lexeme 1		ата (ata)
Lexeme 2		атай (ataj)
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Bektaev 1995 page 60-61
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Kichwa
Lexeme		tayta
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Chimbo Aguinda et al. 2007 page 195
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Central Bolivian Quechua
Lexeme		tayta
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Yaranga Valderrama 2003 page 335
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Central Bolivian Quechua
Lexeme		yaya
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Yaranga Valderrama 2003 page 400
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Vietnamese
Lexeme		cha
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Ošanin Vũ Đăng Ất 1961 page 85
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Indonesian
Lexeme		bapak
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	sir, Mr. (also a form of address); (to men) you, your.	bapak Présidén "Mr. President"
Reference		Stevens Schmidgall-Tellings 2010 page 92
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Tahitian
Lexeme		pāpā
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Lemaître 1995 page 91
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Norwegian
Lexeme		far
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a man
Reference		Arakin 2000 page 1 224-225
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Thai
Lexeme		pɔ̂ɔ (พ่อ)
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	endearment address of an older man to a younger man, to children
Reference		Morev 1964 page 514
Related Languages
Comment		SEAlanf Thai: title used before the first names of boys or, in certain circumstances, of men.

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Burmese
Lexeme		aba.
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address for a man who is about the same age as one's father
Reference		SEAlang Burmrse
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Hiligaynon
Lexeme		tatay
Meaning 1	father
Direction	—
Meaning 2	respect form for older male relatives
Reference		SEAlang Hiligaynon
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Indonesian
Lexeme		babé
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	form of address to an older man or someone in a higher position (teacher, employer, etc.)
Reference		SEALang Indonesia
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Javanese
Lexeme		bapak
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to an older and/or higher-ranking male
Reference		SEAlang Javanese
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Javanese
Lexeme		pak
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a older or higher-status male
Reference		SEAlang Javanese
Related Languages
Comment		shortened form of bapak

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Azeri
Lexeme		ata
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	term of address to a elder man	Ata, mərkəzi meydan haradır? "Father, where is the central square?"
Reference		ARL 2006 page 161
Related Languages
Comment

Realization
Type		Polysemy
Language		Kurux
Lexeme		babas
Meaning 1	father
Direction	→
Meaning 2	<term of respectuous address to a man>
Reference		Oraon-English Dictionary page 45
Related Languages
Comment