Shift #
Number of realizations
29
father
→
<term of address to a man>
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tamil |
| Lexeme |
appā |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
<term of address to a elder man or a man of lower social status> |
|
| Reference |
Tamil lexicon |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
The word is used as term of address 1) in direct sense, to an elder man; 2) in metaphorical sense, to a person "lower in social status or younger". |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Brahui |
| Lexeme |
abā |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to an elder man |
|
| Reference |
Bray_Brahui dictionary |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Russian |
| Lexeme |
отец, otec |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
<term of address to a man> |
И дашь ты нам, отец, к водке ветчины вестфальской и луку испанского
"And you give us, father, Westphalian ham and Spanish onion [for a snack] to vodka.Maxim Gorky, The Life of Klim Samgin " |
| Reference |
Efremova 2000 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Used as a familiar appeal to an elderly man. BAS 8, 1364-1366 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yaqui (Hiaki) |
| Lexeme |
hapchi |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
title of respect used by a woman to a man |
|
| Reference |
Dictionary Yaqui 40 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mandarin Chinese |
| Lexeme |
fù (父) |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
<term of address to a man> |
|
| Reference |
BKRS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ancient Greek |
| Lexeme |
πατήρ |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself |
ξεῖνε πάτερ!
"venerable wanderer!" |
| Reference |
LSJ |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Romanian |
| Lexeme |
tată |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address for a child (or a young person) to mark a relationship of familiarity and sympathy |
|
| Reference |
DEX98 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Romanian |
| Lexeme |
tată |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a (older) man in respect or affection |
|
| Reference |
DEX98 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Swahili |
| Lexeme |
baba |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
a form of respectful address to elders by age, position, rank, etc. |
|
| Reference |
Polikanov |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Zulu |
| Lexeme |
u-baba |
| Meaning 1 |
(my, our) father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a respected elder man |
|
| Reference |
Bryant 1905 13 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Bube |
| Lexeme |
böiè |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Bolekia 2009 120 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Dan |
| Lexeme |
dë |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address used for men of the parent's generation |
|
| Reference |
Vydrine, Kességbeu 2008 120 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Hausa |
| Lexeme |
baba |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a elder man |
|
| Reference |
Ol'derogge ed. 1963 27 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Turkmen |
| Lexeme |
ата (ata) |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
<term of address to a man> |
|
| Reference |
ESTJA 1, 200-201 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also Uzbek, Turkish (dialct. ede), Kumyk. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Derivation |
| Language |
Kazakh |
| Lexeme 1 |
ата (ata) |
| Lexeme 2 |
атай (ataj) |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Bektaev 1995 60-61 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kichwa |
| Lexeme |
tayta |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Chimbo Aguinda et al. 2007 195 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Central Bolivian Quechua |
| Lexeme |
tayta |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Yaranga Valderrama 2003 335 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Central Bolivian Quechua |
| Lexeme |
yaya |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Yaranga Valderrama 2003 400 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Vietnamese |
| Lexeme |
cha |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Ošanin, Vũ Đăng Ất 1961 85 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Indonesian |
| Lexeme |
bapak |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
sir, Mr. (also a form of address); (to men) you, your. |
bapak Présidén
"Mr. President" |
| Reference |
Stevens, Schmidgall-Tellings 2010 92 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tahitian |
| Lexeme |
pāpā |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Lemaître 1995 91 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Norwegian |
| Lexeme |
far |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a man |
|
| Reference |
Arakin 2000 1, 224-225 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Thai |
| Lexeme |
pɔ̂ɔ (พ่อ) |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
endearment address of an older man to a younger man, to children |
|
| Reference |
Morev 1964 514 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
SEAlanf Thai: title used before the first names of boys or, in certain circumstances, of men. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Burmese |
| Lexeme |
aba. |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address for a man who is about the same age as one's father |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Burmrse |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Hiligaynon |
| Lexeme |
tatay |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
respect form for older male relatives |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Hiligaynon |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Indonesian |
| Lexeme |
babé |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
form of address to an older man or someone in a higher position (teacher, employer, etc.) |
|
| Reference |
SEALang Indonesia |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Javanese |
| Lexeme |
bapak |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to an older and/or higher-ranking male |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Javanese |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Javanese |
| Lexeme |
pak |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a older or higher-status male |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Javanese |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
shortened form of bapak |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Azeri |
| Lexeme |
ata |
| Meaning 1 |
father |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
term of address to a elder man |
Ata, mərkəzi meydan haradır?
"Father, where is the central square?" |
| Reference |
ARL 2006 161 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|