Number of realizations
30
father
→
<term of address to a man>
Related shifts
1
Show map
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Tamil
Lexeme
appā
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
<term of address to a elder man or a man of lower social status>
Reference
Tamil lexicon
Related Languages
Comment
The word is used as term of address 1) in direct sense, to an elder man; 2) in metaphorical sense, to a person "lower in social status or younger".
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Brahui
Lexeme
abā
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to an elder man
Reference
Bray_Brahui dictionary
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Russian
Lexeme
отец, otec
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
<term of address to a man>
И дашь ты нам, отец, к водке ветчины вестфальской и луку испанского "And you give us, father, Westphalian ham and Spanish onion [for a snack] to vodka.Maxim Gorky, The Life of Klim Samgin "
Reference
Efremova 2000
Related Languages
Comment
Used as a familiar appeal to an elderly man. BAS 8, 1364-1366
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Yaqui (Hiaki)
Lexeme
hapchi
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
title of respect used by a woman to a man
Reference
Dictionary Yaqui page 40
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Mandarin Chinese
Lexeme
fù (父)
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
<term of address to a man>
Reference
BKRS
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Ancient Greek
Lexeme
πατήρ
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself
ξεῖνε πάτερ! "venerable wanderer!"
Reference
LSJ
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Romanian
Lexeme
tată
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address for a child (or a young person) to mark a relationship of familiarity and sympathy
Reference
DEX98
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Romanian
Lexeme
tată
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a (older) man in respect or affection
Reference
DEX98
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Swahili
Lexeme
baba
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
a form of respectful address to elders by age, position, rank, etc.
Reference
Polikanov
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Zulu
Lexeme
u-baba
Meaning 1
(my, our) father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a respected elder man
Reference
Bryant 1905 page 13
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Bube
Lexeme
böiè
Meaning 1
father
Direction
—
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Bolekia 2009 page 120
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Dan
Lexeme
dë
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address used for men of the parent's generation
Reference
Vydrine
Kességbeu 2008 page 120
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Hausa
Lexeme
baba
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a elder man
Reference
Ol'derogge ed. 1963 page 27
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Turkmen
Lexeme
ата (ata)
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
<term of address to a man>
Reference
ESTJA page 1
200-201
Related Languages
Comment
Also Uzbek, Turkish (dialct. ede), Kumyk.
Realization
Type
Derivation
Language
Kazakh
Lexeme 1
ата (ata)
Lexeme 2
атай (ataj)
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Bektaev 1995 page 60-61
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Kichwa
Lexeme
tayta
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Chimbo Aguinda et al. 2007 page 195
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Central Bolivian Quechua
Lexeme
tayta
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Yaranga Valderrama 2003 page 335
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Central Bolivian Quechua
Lexeme
yaya
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Yaranga Valderrama 2003 page 400
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Vietnamese
Lexeme
cha
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Ošanin
Vũ Đăng Ất 1961 page 85
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Indonesian
Lexeme
bapak
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
sir, Mr. (also a form of address); (to men) you, your.
bapak Présidén "Mr. President"
Reference
Stevens
Schmidgall-Tellings 2010 page 92
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Tahitian
Lexeme
pāpā
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Lemaître 1995 page 91
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Norwegian
Lexeme
far
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a man
Reference
Arakin 2000 page 1
224-225
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Thai
Lexeme
pɔ̂ɔ (พ่อ)
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
endearment address of an older man to a younger man, to children
Reference
Morev 1964 page 514
Related Languages
Comment
SEAlanf Thai: title used before the first names of boys or, in certain circumstances, of men.
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Burmese
Lexeme
aba.
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address for a man who is about the same age as one's father
Reference
SEAlang Burmrse
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Hiligaynon
Lexeme
tatay
Meaning 1
father
Direction
—
Meaning 2
respect form for older male relatives
Reference
SEAlang Hiligaynon
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Indonesian
Lexeme
babé
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
form of address to an older man or someone in a higher position (teacher, employer, etc.)
Reference
SEALang Indonesia
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Javanese
Lexeme
bapak
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to an older and/or higher-ranking male
Reference
SEAlang Javanese
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Javanese
Lexeme
pak
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a older or higher-status male
Reference
SEAlang Javanese
Related Languages
Comment
shortened form of bapak
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Azeri
Lexeme
ata
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
term of address to a elder man
Ata, mərkəzi meydan haradır? "Father, where is the central square?"
Reference
ARL 2006 page 161
Related Languages
Comment
Realization
Type
Polysemy
Language
Kurux
Lexeme
babas
Meaning 1
father
Direction
→
Meaning 2
<term of respectuous address to a man>
Reference
Oraon-English Dictionary page 45
Related Languages
Comment