spawn, roe
—
calf of a leg
14 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bulgarian | |
| Lexeme | икра | |
| Meaning 1 | (old, dialect) calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | (old, dialect) spawn, roe | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 8, 217 | |
| Comment | In modern Bulgarian прасец 'calf of leg', хайвер 'roe' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language | Czech | |
| Lexeme 1 | ikro | |
| Lexeme 2 | jikra (usually pl. jikry) | |
| Meaning 1 | (dialect) calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 8, 217 | |
| Comment | Czech lýtko 'calf of leg' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dutch | |
| Lexeme | kuit | |
| Meaning 1 | calf, fleshy part of the lower leg | kuitbeen fibula, calf bone in a leg |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe (fish eggs) | haring of kuit (idiomatic) clear decision between two options, lit. 'milt or roe' |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | ikra | |
| Meaning 1 | (rare) calf of a leg | krámba harapott a kutya. The dog bit my calf |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | A hal lerakja ikráit. The fish lays their eggs |
| Reference | MEK 1978 | |
| Comment | From Slavic | |
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Itelmen | |
| Lexeme | ӈилӈил | |
| Meaning 1 | spawn, roe | ӈилӈил нтӽӑлӄзусчэн ксољаʔан, ккәсԓкнэн, ксилӄэʔԓ, ккукэʔн ксоԓаԓ, ксәнмәњԓ, ккуњԓ, хкотљэтаԓ caviar is eaten salted, dried, crushed, boiled with salt, with shelomaynik, with nuts, with cutlets (fish) |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | calf muscle (arm, leg human, animal paw) | |
| Reference | PIRS: 191 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | пӧк | |
| Meaning 1 | calf of a leg | ёді пӧк bream roe |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | кок пӧксӧ курччалісны лӧдзьяс calves were bitten by horseflies |
| Reference | Beznosikova et al. 2000 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latvian | |
| Lexeme | ikri (pl.) | |
| Meaning 1 | (anat.) calves | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | roe, spawn, caviar | |
| Reference | Derksen 2015: 199 | |
| Comment | ikrs m. ‘(anat.) calf ’ (Salaca, northern Latvia); ikra f. ‘roe, spawn’ (in Ulmann's Lettisch-Deutsches Worterbuch, 1872) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lithuanian | |
| Lexeme | ìkras | |
| Meaning 1 | (anat.) calf | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | fish-egg | |
| Reference | Derksen 2015: 199 | |
| Comment | The meaning 'calf', which is already attested in Bretke's bible translation (1579—1590), is not mentioned in the DLKŽ. Usually ikrai (pl.) 'roe, spawn, caviar'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Macedonian | |
| Lexeme | икра | |
| Meaning 1 | (dialect) calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 8, 217 | |
| Comment | Modern Macedonian лист 'calf of leg' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Polish | |
| Lexeme | ikra | |
| Meaning 1 | (dialect) calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 8, 217 | |
| Comment | Polish łydka 'calf of leg' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | icră | |
| Meaning 1 | spawn, roe | icre de nisetru sturgeon caviar |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | calf of a leg | cu icre mari with big calves |
| Reference | DRRS: 1, 991 | |
| Comment | From Slavic | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | икра (ikra) | |
| Meaning 1 | calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | BAS: 5, 279-281 | |
| Comment | In modern Russian, these words are perceived as homonyms. The possibility of their common origin is being actively discussed, but has not yet been conclusively proven. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Slovak | |
| Lexeme 1 | ikra, ikro | |
| Lexeme 2 | ikra (usually pl. ikry) | |
| Meaning 1 | (dialect) calf of a leg | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | ESSJa: 8, 217 | |
| Comment | Slovak lýtko 'calf of leg' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | мызь | |
| Meaning 1 | calf of a leg | мызь лэзьыны to spawn |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | spawn, roe | |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
Identity of Proto-Slavic *jьkra ‘roe, spawn’ and *jьkra ‘calf of leg’ has been debated since the 1880s and was supported by most scholars. Probably from initial meaning ‘something swollen, bloated’. Фасмер 2, 125-126; Черных 1, 342, Derksen 2008, 210, ESSJa 8, 217-220. Baltic examples could appear under the Slavic influence or were descendants of common Proto-Baltic word (Derksen 2015).