<weapon>
→
war
6 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 2684 | <weapon> | → | army | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme | ṭor | |
| Meaning 1 | spear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | war | yäṭor minister ministry of war (obsolete) |
| Reference | AED: 2113 | |
| Comment | Cf. also ṭorənnät 'war, battle', the basic word for 'war' (AED 2113). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | ἀσπίς | |
| Meaning 1 | shield | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | battle | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | δόρυ | |
| Meaning 1 | spear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | fight, battle, war | καὶ τὸ δ. καὶ τὸ κηρύκειον πέμπειν to offer a choice between the war and the peace negotiotians (Polybius) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | حَرْبَة ḥarbat- | |
| Lexeme 2 | حَرْب ḥarb- | |
| Meaning 1 | a dart, or javeline | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | war, battle, fight | الحَرْب الاهليّة civil war |
| Reference | Lane: 540-541 BK: I 402 | |
| Comment | The original meaning is most likely 'war', although in Arabic itself, the lexeme A is a derivation from the lexeme B (for more see Kogan, 2015:211). Note that the meaning has changed, rather the gender of lexeme still being feminine (ḥarb-). Cf. also Ancient Hebrew ḥereb 'dagger, short sword' (HALOT 335-36). One can follow the shift in the Bible as a quasi-synchronical development. And Sab. ḥrb 'to wage war' (SD 69). arb, arǝb etc. in Gurage languages with the meanings 'battle, war, spear' (LGur. 727), and Ugr. ḥrb (DUL 367). |
|
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language | Jibbali | |
| Lexeme 1 | ḥarbɛt | |
| Lexeme 2 | oḥúrb | |
| Meaning 1 | arrow, bayonet | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to fight | |
| Reference | JL: 114 | |
| Comment | Both lexemes are borrowed from Arabic independently. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | kʷinat, kʷənat | |
| Meaning 1 | spear | bəkʷənat wäg̣ʔa to pearce with a spear |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | war | mək̲nit kʷənat casus belli |
| Reference | TED: 1649 | |
| Comment | ||