cattle
↔
property, possessions
30 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
NEW Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Adyghe | |
Lexeme | былым | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | property, possessions | |
Reference | Txarkaxo 1991: 39 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language | Akkadian | |
Lexeme 1 | būlu | |
Lexeme 2 | beˀālu | |
Meaning 1 | livestock, (household) animals; herd of cattle, sheep, or horses | |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | to rule | |
Reference | CAD: 199, 313 AHw.: 120, 137 | |
Comment | The Akkadian lexeme can be reconstructed as *buˁl “possession, what is owned”, a PuRS-derivative model from PS *bˁl “to own, to possess” (Kogan 2011:237). |
ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Ancient Greek | |
Lexeme | πρόβατον | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | movables | |
Reference | ||
Comment | LSJ 1471 |
NEW Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language | Ancient Hebrew | |
Lexeme 1 | קָנָה qānā | |
Lexeme 2 | מִקְנֶה miqnǟ | |
Meaning 1 | to possess | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | livestock, cattle | |
Reference | HALOT: 628 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language | Classical Arabic | |
Lexeme | اقْتَنَى ˀiqtanā (VIII stem) | |
Meaning 1 | to possess | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to acquire cattle (camels) | |
Reference | Lane: 2994 Lane: 2094 | |
Comment | The same is demonstrated in the first stem as well: قَنَا غَنَمًا qanā ˁanaman "he acquired goats (sheep)" (to possess -> to breed cattle). Cf. also قِنْوَةٌ, قِنْيَةٌ qinwat-, qinyat- 'sheep or goats acquired as permanent possesion' (Lane 2094). |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | English | |
Lexeme | stock | |
Meaning 1 | ||
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | fund, property | |
Reference | ||
Comment | The meaning of 'cattle' has been registered since the 16th century, the word livestock since the 18th. |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Evenki | |
Lexeme | абду, авду (abdu, avdu) | |
Meaning 1 | cattle, herd | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | household, possessions | |
Reference | Vasilevič 1958: 11, 13, 14 Boldyrev 2000: 1, 13 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Borrowing | |
Language 1 | Gothic | |
Language 2 | Old Slavonic | |
Lexeme 1 | skatts | |
Lexeme 2 | скотъ | |
Meaning 1 | money | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | cattle | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Фасмер 3, 655, Old Icel. skattr 'tax', Old Sax. skat 'coin, wealth', Germ. Schatz 'treasure' Old Slav. Сл. 607, Lehmann 309 |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Icelandic | |
Lexeme | fé | |
Meaning 1 | livestock; cattle, chiefly sheep | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | money | koma heim með fullar hendur fjár to come home with hands full of money |
Reference | ISLEX | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Irish Gaelic | |
Lexeme | airnēis | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | goods, possessions, furniture | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Possible loanword cf. Middle English harneis 'equipment' |
ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Derivation | |
Language | Latin | |
Lexeme 1 | pecus | |
Lexeme 2 | pecunia | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Meaning 2 | possessions, wealth | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (Glare 1317) |
ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Borrowing | |
Language 1 | Latin | |
Language 2 | Breton | |
Lexeme 1 | solidus | |
Lexeme 2 | saout | |
Meaning 1 | golden coin; later - money, possessions | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | cattle | |
Reference | ||
Comment | saout < solt |
ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Old East Slavic | |
Lexeme | скотъ | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | possessions, money | Начаша скотъ събирати отъ мужа 4 куны, а отъ старостъ по 10 гри |
Reference | ||
Comment | Срезневский 387-388, Ларин Б. А. Лекции по истории русского литературного языка (X - XVIII в.) СПб., 2005, с. 92 |
ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Old Irish | |
Lexeme | indile | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | possessions | |
Reference | ||
Comment | cf. Old Bret. endlim 'possessions', Welsh Ennil, yinnill 'profit' |
ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Cognates | |
Language 1 | Old Norse | |
Language 2 | Latvian | |
Lexeme 1 | naut | |
Lexeme 2 | nauda | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | property, money | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Cf. Got. niutan, Old Eng. Nēotan 'enjoy, make use of, obtain' |
ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language 1 | Old Sweden | |
Language 2 | Swedish | |
Lexeme | boskap | |
Meaning 1 | household, household goods, property | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | cattle | |
Reference | ||
Comment | From bo 'house' |
ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Cognates | |
Language 1 | Pashto | |
Language 2 | Khwaresmian | |
Lexeme 1 | bodá | |
Lexeme 2 | bdwn | |
Meaning 1 | beast animals | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | possessions | |
Reference | ||
Comment | ЭСИЯ 2, 135 |
ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Polish | |
Lexeme | dobytek | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | possessions | |
Reference | ||
Comment | ЭССЯ 5, 47,49 |
NEW Realization 19 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language | Sabaic | |
Lexeme | ḳny | |
Meaning 1 | to acquire | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | livestock, cattle | |
Reference | SD: 106 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Somali | |
Lexeme | xoolo | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | ↔ | |
Meaning 2 | property, possessions; wealth | |
Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 356 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 21 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Semantic evolution | |
Language | Soqotri | |
Lexeme 1 | ḳénho | |
Lexeme 2 | ḳén(h)o | |
Meaning 1 | property, possessions | ho
wu-ŝáḳar itími díki ḳénho ešífton (CSOL
I 7:4); ŝi al-ˁeḳáḷo ľa éˀefo wa-ľa ḳénho
ˁaṭaf féred éˀefo wa-ˀékeb gezíre (CSOL I 8:2) We are
competing over our cattle; she
spared nothing, neither people nor cattle. And people fled from there and
scattered throughout the island. |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | animals, cattle | |
Reference | CSOL I: 590 CSOL II: 514 LS: 378 | |
Comment | From PS root *ḳny “to own, to possess” (Sima 2000, 134; Buck 1949, 143-145). |
NEW Realization 22 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tatar | |
Lexeme | мал | |
Meaning 1 | cattle, livestock | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | property, possessions | |
Reference | Asylgaraev, Ganiev et al. (eds.) 2007: 2, 15 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tigre | |
Lexeme | nəway | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | possessions, money | |
Reference | WTS: 335 | |
Comment | Cf. Also the Ge'ez nəway 'possessions, homeware'. The direction is possibly B > A. |
ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tigre | |
Lexeme | ʔənsus | |
Meaning 1 | cattle, domestic animals | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | property | |
Reference | WTS: 372 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tigrinya | |
Lexeme | ṭərit | |
Meaning 1 | livestock | ʔəti ṣärä zäraʔti baləʕ nəməṭfaʔ zənəṣṣäg zällo mädhanit ʔab ləʕli ṭərit mot kämzäsʕabä gäliṣu explaining that the insecticide sprayed to destroy grain-eating pests would cause livestock to die |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | riches, wealth, goods, property, possessions, estate | bəḥtawi ṭərit personal, private property |
Reference | TED: 2434 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Cognates | |
Language 1 | Tigrinya | |
Language 2 | Classical Arabic | |
Lexeme 1 | mal | |
Lexeme 2 | māl- | |
Meaning 1 | herd (of livestock) | bəgulḥay məḵnəyat maläy kʷəllu ʕaribu All my cattle have perished on account of an epizootic disease. |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | possessions, money ('bien, fortune, avoir, argent, richesses') | |
Reference | BK: II 147 TED: 1847 | |
Comment | Cf. also Classical Arab. māl- 'troupeau de chameaux' (a flock of camels) (BK II 147); Tigrinya mal 'goods, property, wealth' (now obsolete) (TED 318). |
ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language 1 | Turkish | |
Language 2 | Old Turkic | |
Lexeme 1 | dawar | |
Lexeme 2 | тавар | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Meaning 2 | possessions | |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tuvan | |
Lexeme | кошкул | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Meaning 2 | possessions | |
Reference | ||
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Welsh | |
Lexeme | da | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | goods | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Also da byw lit. 'live goods' |
ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Derivation | |
Language | Welsh | |
Lexeme 1 | gwartheg | |
Lexeme 2 | gwerth | |
Meaning 1 | cattle | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | worth, value | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Buck 153 |
Buck 143-145. Benveniste 1995 argues in favor of semantic development 'property' -> 'cattle' in Greek and Latin.