bad
↔
evil (adj.)
26 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 391 | good | → | kind, good-hearted | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | κᾰκός | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, malicious, hostile | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | mauvais | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | mauvaise mémoire bad memory |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | mauvaise nature evil nature |
| Reference | CNRTL | |
| Comment | (Gak 1997b: 49) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme 1 | das Böse | |
| Lexeme 2 | böse | |
| Meaning 1 | evil (noun) | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Haisla | |
| Lexeme | y̍ak | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Fortescue 2007: 373-374 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Heiltsuk | |
| Lexeme | y̍ák | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Fortescue 2005: 373-374 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | rossz | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | rossz bor bad wine |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | rossz ember; rossz természet a bad person; evil nature |
| Reference | MEK 1978: 1179 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Italian | |
| Lexeme | malo | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | [Гак 1997б: 49] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Italian | |
| Lexeme | cattivo | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | una cattiva azione bad act |
| Meaning 2 | evil | la matrigna cattiva wicked stepmother |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kwakw’ala | |
| Lexeme | y̍ak | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Fortescue 2007: 373-374 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | è | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | ferocious, atrocious | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | БКРС 14521 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Oowekyala | |
| Lexeme | y̍ak | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Fortescue 2007: 373-374 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Polish | |
| Lexeme | zły | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | rău | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | Румынско-русский словарь 1954 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | zlo | |
| Lexeme 2 | zloj | |
| Meaning 1 | evil | |
| Meaning 2 | angry | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | kaṣṭa | |
| Meaning 1 | bad, ill, wrong | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW266, Кочергина 156 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | dúṣkṛta | |
| Meaning 1 | wrongly or wickedly done , badly arranged or organized or applied | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | evil action , sin , guilt | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW487 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | duritá | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 274 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | aghá | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | evil | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 21 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | áhita | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, hostile | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 87 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | wi | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | umefanya kitendo kiwi You have done a bad thing |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, angry | simba ni mnyama muwi sana The lion is a fierce animal |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov (the first meaning is marked as obsolete in the dictionary) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | ovu | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, malicious | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | pis | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | пис мумту useless thing |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, malicious | душман писур ву The enemy is angry. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 251). Cf. ПИСВАЛ АПIУБ '1. to act badly 2. to be angry with smn'. The same in Lezgian (LezgRus 264). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | jaman | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | яман гьавйир bad weather |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | wicked, hostile | яман гъунши wicked neighbour |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 360) | |
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udihe | |
| Lexeme | гэ̂ | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Simonov, Kyalundzyuga 1998: 279 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udmurt | |
| Lexeme | урод | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | урод куазь "плохая погода" bad weather |
| Direction | ↔ | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | урод мурт "злой человек" evil person |
| Reference | Kirillova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zulu | |
| Lexeme | -bi | |
| Meaning 1 | bad | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | evil (adj.) | |
| Reference | Луцков А.Д. Зулу-Русский словарь 2014: 23 | |
| Comment | ||