hard, solid
→
obstinate, persistent
17 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | č̣[ꞷ]aɣdalar | |
| meaning 1 | to become firm, to harden | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to restrain, to endure | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 183 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | ṣulb- | |
| meaning 1 | 'hard, firm, rigid' | makān-un ṣulb-un 'A rugged, stony place' |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | 'sturdy, firm' | huwa ṣulb-un fī dīn-i-hi 'he is hard, firm, or strong, in his religion' |
| reference | Lane: 1712 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | бипкэ | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid, durable, resilient | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | |
| reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 56 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Even | |
| lexeme | ды̄ӈаку | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 102 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | kemény | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | kemény | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | persistent | kemény katona a persistent warrior |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| lexeme | kerdı- | |
| meaning 1 | to harden (of skin) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to be stubborn (of children) | |
| reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 194 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malak-Malak | |
| lexeme | ngatal | |
| meaning 1 | tight, crack (too hard to break), be strong | ngatal-nen dry it up/harden it up |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | ngatal yide he is stubborn |
| reference | Lindsay et al. 2017: 107 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | yìng (硬) | |
| meaning 1 | hard | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | obstinately | |
| reference | BKRS: 11020 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | tverdyj | |
| meaning 1 | hard, solid | твердое вещество solid substance |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | constant, persistent | он был тверд в своих убеждениях He was strong in his convictions |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | dṛḍha | |
| meaning 1 | strong, hard | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | steady, resolute, persevering | |
| reference | Kočergina 1996: 283 MW: 490 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | kāṭhinya | |
| meaning 1 | firmness, hardness | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | firmness of character | |
| reference | Kočergina 1996: 157 MW: 269 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Somali | |
| lexeme | qallafsan | |
| meaning 1 | hard | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| reference | Alejnikov 2012 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | kyong-kyong | |
| meaning 1 | hard | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn, persistent | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tigrinya | |
| lexeme | tärrir | |
| meaning 1 | 'hard, strong, solid, resistant' | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | 'hard and unyielding (person), obstinate, inflexible, stubborn' | məstu tärrir säbʔay nägärdo təgäbbər 'And you have business with that stubborn fellow?' |
| reference | ||
| comment | (KT 1235) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| lexeme | икльаму- | |
| meaning 1 | to become hard, solid | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to become stubborn | |
| reference | Kurilov 2001: 91-92 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | çetin | |
| meaning 1 | hard (for cleaving) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | stubborn, persistent (person) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ТуРС 182. | |
Compare Komi изъюр 'stubborn' lit. 'stone head'.