hard, solid
→
obstinate, persistent
17 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | č̣[ꞷ]aɣdalar | |
| Meaning 1 | to become firm, to harden | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to restrain, to endure | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 183 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ṣulb- | |
| Meaning 1 | 'hard, firm, rigid' | makān-un ṣulb-un 'A rugged, stony place' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | 'sturdy, firm' | huwa ṣulb-un fī dīn-i-hi 'he is hard, firm, or strong, in his religion' |
| Reference | Lane: 1712 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Even | |
| Lexeme | бипкэ | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid, durable, resilient | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | persistent | |
| Reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 56 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Even | |
| Lexeme | ды̄ӈаку | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| Reference | Robbek, Robbek 2005: 102 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | kemény | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | persistent | |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | kemény | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | kemény föld solid ground |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | persistent | kemény katona a persistent warrior |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 357 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| Lexeme | kerdı- | |
| Meaning 1 | to harden (of skin) | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be stubborn (of children) | |
| Reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 194 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Malak-Malak | |
| Lexeme | ngatal | |
| Meaning 1 | tight, crack (too hard to break), be strong | ngatal-nen dry it up/harden it up |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | stubborn | ngatal yide he is stubborn |
| Reference | Lindsay et al. 2017: 107 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | yìng (硬) | |
| Meaning 1 | hard | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | obstinately | |
| Reference | BKRS: 11020 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | tverdyj | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | твердое вещество solid substance |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | constant, persistent | он был тверд в своих убеждениях He was strong in his convictions |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | dṛḍha | |
| Meaning 1 | strong, hard | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | steady, resolute, persevering | |
| Reference | Kočergina 1996: 283 MW: 490 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | kāṭhinya | |
| Meaning 1 | firmness, hardness | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | firmness of character | |
| Reference | Kočergina 1996: 157 MW: 269 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | qallafsan | |
| Meaning 1 | hard | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | stubborn | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | kyong-kyong | |
| Meaning 1 | hard | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | stubborn, persistent | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | tärrir | |
| Meaning 1 | 'hard, strong, solid, resistant' | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'hard and unyielding (person), obstinate, inflexible, stubborn' | məstu tärrir säbʔay nägärdo təgäbbər 'And you have business with that stubborn fellow?' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (KT 1235) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tundra Yukaghir | |
| Lexeme | икльаму- | |
| Meaning 1 | to become hard, solid | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to become stubborn | |
| Reference | Kurilov 2001: 91-92 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | çetin | |
| Meaning 1 | hard (for cleaving) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | stubborn, persistent (person) | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ТуРС 182. | |
Compare Komi изъюр 'stubborn' lit. 'stone head'.