servant
→
I
11 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 273 | lord, master | → | you (pronoun 2 sg., polite) | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Acehnese | |
| lexeme | ulon | |
| meaning 1 | slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 122 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Burmese | |
| lexeme | чундо | |
| meaning 1 | royal slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me (male) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | about a woman - чунмá 'slave', 'me' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Burmese | |
| lexeme | taymaq | |
| meaning 1 | female slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 125 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Burmese | |
| lexeme | dabeqdov | |
| meaning 1 | royal obedient | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 122 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | بنده bande | |
| meaning 1 | slave | بندۀ خدا bande-ye xodā servant of god |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me (epistolary) | بندۀ خانه bande-ye xāne my house |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 222 | |
| comment | ПРС 128. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Indonesian | |
| lexeme 1 | sahaya | |
| lexeme 2 | saya | |
| meaning 1 | servant | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Lander, Yury A. [Rev.:] Wischer, Ilse; Diewald, Gabriele (eds.) New reflections on grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002 // LINGUIST List 13.2236, Sep 7, 2002. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | khŋum | |
| meaning 1 | slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 122 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | xiăo-guān | |
| meaning 1 | inferior officer, junior servant | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me (clerk, officer) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Also means 'waiter (in an inn)'. БКРС 14177, с. 773 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Old Japanese | |
| language 2 | Japanese | |
| lexeme | boku | |
| meaning 1 | servant, slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | I, me (male) | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 122 | |
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Thai | |
| lexeme | kà-yǒm (ขยม) | |
| meaning 1 | (archaic) servant, slave | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (archaic) I, me | |
| reference | SEAlang Thai | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme | tŏi, tố | |
| meaning 1 | servant | |
| meaning 2 | I, me | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Babaev 2009, 122 | |
Ср. также перс. häґир презренный, ничтожный, жалкий ; эпист. "я". Ср. также рус. Ваш покорный слуга.