to see/to look at
→
to care for, look after
41 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 1807 | to see/to look at | → | to guard | Open |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Marshallese | |
| Lexeme | lale | |
| Meaning 1 | see, look | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | ltos-pa | |
| Meaning 1 | to look, to watch | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to take care | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Рерих 3, 393. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Vietnamese | |
| Lexeme | nhìn | |
| Meaning 1 | see | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zulu | |
| Lexeme | beka | |
| Meaning 1 | look | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of, look after, watch, supervise | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | ʔattaḳbala | |
| Meaning 1 | to look | wa-ʔəb la-ʔənkərā la-gəbuḥ waʕagā ʔət lattaḳbəllo ʔəgəl la-́ṣəgādu ḥagḥaga 'and he scrubbed his neck with its blunt side, while the monkey was watching him (PPEA I:13, line 20)' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after smth | məndi ləddarre dib šābrā; ʔadugātu lattaḳbəl 'when he descends to Shabra, he watches his donkeys (PPEA III:526, L. 714, line 15)' |
| Reference | WTS: 248 | |
| Comment | Presumably the shift is from 'to shepherd' to 'to watch'. Formally the verb is causative from one of the following verbs: ḳabbala 'accept', ̣ʔaḳbala 'retrun' ḳābala 'go to the other side'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Egyptian | |
| Lexeme | nw | |
| Meaning 1 | see, look | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of, look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nahuatl | |
| Lexeme | īxōtiā | |
| Meaning 1 | keep watch | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of something, look after something, keep watch | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | īx-tli 'face, surface, eye' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme 1 | angalia | |
| Lexeme 2 | mwangalizi | |
| Meaning 1 | look at, be careful | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | a careful, observant person, caretaker, guardian | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kurux | |
| Lexeme | ērnā (īryas) | |
| Meaning 1 | look, see | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme 1 | see | |
| Lexeme 2 | see (to smth.) | |
| Meaning 1 | to see | 'cats see well at night' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after | to see to the children |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The change in subcategorization frame. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | смотреть | |
| Meaning 1 | to see, to watch | смотреть на звезды 'to watch stars' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after | смотреть за больным 'to look after a patient' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The change in subcategorization frame. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | libgub | |
| Meaning 1 | to look | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after | бицIидариз лигуб 'to look after the children' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 217) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | ḥawwaṣa | |
| Meaning 1 | to look on, peep, observe | wa-təḫewwəṣ ʔəḫtu ʔəmrəḥuḳ kama tāʔmər mənt təbaṣṣəḥo (Ex. 2:4) 'and his sister watches him from far away in order to know what happens to him' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after, take care of, be solicitous | wa-hallo 1 radʔ... za-yəḥewwəṣā wa-yətʔallakā (Walatta Petros 38) 'and there was assistant who looked after her and served her' |
| Reference | CDG: 250 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tuvan | |
| Lexeme | көр- | |
| Meaning 1 | to look; to see | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for | мал көөр 'to look after the cattle' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The same in Yak. Көр-. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Akkadian | |
| Lexeme | amāru | |
| Meaning 1 | to see, to look | ṣuḫārum... kišādam lā immaru kunkam-ma idnaššum 'the servant must not see the necklace, give it to him in a package' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after, to take care of | ina kaprīšu līzib-ma bīssu u eqelšu līmur 'let him stay in his village and look after his home and his field ' |
| Reference | CAD: a 2, 5 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme 1 | look | |
| Lexeme 2 | look after | |
| Meaning 1 | to look | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | бакъ- | |
| Meaning 1 | to look | анасына бакъ та, къызыны ал 'look at the mother and ask the daughter in marriage (saying)' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for | бакъсан-багъ, бакъмасанъ-дагъ 'If you take care of it, it will turn into a garden, if you don't, it will turn into a wood (saying)' |
| Reference | KRPS: 99 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | сакла- | |
| Meaning 1 | protect, guard, preserve | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to watch (over), to keep an eye (on) | |
| Reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973: 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sumerian | |
| Lexeme 1 | igi--du8 | |
| Lexeme 2 | igi--du8 | |
| Meaning 1 | to look at smth, see | lu2 muš2 kug-ga igi du8 en {d}Nun-dim2-mud-e (A Hymn to Haia for Rim-Sin (Rim-Sin B) 2.6.9.2:27); a-da tuš kur-šag4-ga igi du8 (Proverbs 6.1.26:20) ' He who gazes upon the holy precinct, upon Lord Nudimmud; those who live near the water look into the mountains. ' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after, inspect | a-zu sag9-ge šim-mu2 tur5-ra-ta šag4 lu2-ulu3 igi du8 (A dog of Nintinuga 5.7.2:9); lu2-ra igi du8 na-an-ak-e uru2-bi ša-ri-<ib>-su-su (The instructions of Suruppag 5.6.1:21) ' The kindly physician, the exorcist to the sick, who looks after the hearts of humans; you should not make an inspection (?) on a man: the flood (?) will give it back (?) to you. ' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The composite verb is used with the Locative element -ni- or /bi-/. The verb du8 itself means 'to open; to release'. Also igi--ĝál 'to look at; to keep watch'. For more examples see: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?simplesearchword=&simplesearch=&searchword=igi+du8&charenc=gcirc&lists= | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Hausa | |
| Lexeme 1 | dība | |
| Lexeme 2 | bedauye dibi | |
| Meaning 1 | look at, look for | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | guard, watch, keep safe | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000. 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Malagasy | |
| Lexeme 1 | miandrànda | |
| Lexeme 2 | miàndary | |
| Meaning 1 | hope for, look up | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | expect, take care of | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kwamera | |
| Lexeme | -ata amasan | |
| Meaning 1 | see good | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | protect, look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gude | |
| Lexeme | nəngə | |
| Meaning 1 | watch | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | look after, take care of | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme 1 | néz | |
| Lexeme 2 | utána nez | |
| Meaning 1 | look at, look for, consider | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | utána 'after' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| Lexeme | hara- | |
| Meaning 1 | look (at) | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | guard, supervise, look after someone | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Finnish | |
| Lexeme | katsoa | |
| Meaning 1 | look at | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of, look after | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khmer | |
| Lexeme | mə:l | |
| Meaning 1 | see | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | bak- | |
| Meaning 1 | look | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | take care of, look after, tend | hastaya bak 'to look after a patient' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Yir Yoront | |
| Lexeme 1 | karr | |
| Lexeme 2 | mon=karr | |
| Meaning 1 | see | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | accompany and look after, take care of | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Manchu | |
| Lexeme | tuwa- | |
| Meaning 1 | look | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | oversee | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Gaagudju | |
| Lexeme 1 | goro-garra | |
| Lexeme 2 | goro-garra-garra | |
| Meaning 1 | to see | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after | |
| Reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 574 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Kunwinjku | |
| Lexeme 1 | nan | |
| Lexeme 2 | nahnan | |
| Meaning 1 | to see | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to look after, watch over, care for, look out for | |
| Reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 574 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | бакмаа (bakmaa) | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| Reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973: 69 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | bakmak | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | hastaya bakmak 'to look after the patient (to watch at a person's bedside)' |
| Reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme | pār- | |
| Meaning 1 | To see, look at, view, notice, observe | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | To look after, take care of, manage, superintend | |
| Reference | Tamil lexicon: 2615 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Kannada | |
| Lexeme 1 | kā (kād-), kāy (kād-/kāyd-), kāyi (kāyid-) | |
| Lexeme 2 | kāpāḍu | |
| Meaning 1 | to watch, to guard etc. | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to guard, take care of | |
| Reference | DEDR: 132 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Meadow Mari | |
| Lexeme | ончаш | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | ӱмбакыже ончаш 'to look at him' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | йочам ончаш, сӧснам ончаш 'to take care of a child; to look after pigs' |
| Reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hill Mari | |
| Lexeme | анжаш | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| Reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | ⱨač̣ar | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 326 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Rutul | |
| Lexeme | гакъын / gaɢɨn | |
| Meaning 1 | to see/to look at | гьаIятди гакъын / haˤjatdi gaɢɨn ' to look into the yard ' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, look after | хынхыхда гакъын / χɨnχɨχda gaɢɨn ' to look after children ' |
| Reference | Ismailova 2011: 283 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | نَظَرَ naḏ̣ara | |
| Meaning 1 | to look at, to watch | نَظَرَ اليه نظرة المهابة والاكبار ' to loot at smb. with respect and honour ' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to care for, to look after; to guard | ... نَظَرَ ل ' to look after smb. ' |
| Reference | Baranov | |
| Comment | ||