to see/to look at
→
to care for, look after
44 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 1807 | to see/to look at | → | to guard | Open |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Akkadian | |
| lexeme | amāru | |
| meaning 1 | to see, to look | ṣuḫārum... kišādam lā immaru kunkam-ma idnaššum the servant must not see the necklace, give it to him in a package |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after, to take care of | ina kaprīšu līzib-ma bīssu u eqelšu līmur let him stay in his village and look after his home and his field |
| reference | CAD: a 2, 5 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Batsbi | |
| lexeme | ⱨač̣ar | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2018: 326 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | نَظَرَ naḏ̣ara | |
| lexeme 2 | نَظَرَ naḏ̣ara | |
| meaning 1 | to look at, to watch | نَظَرَ اليه نظرة المهابة والاكبار (naḏ̣ara ˀalay-hi naḏ̣rat-i l-mahānat-i wa-l-ˀakbār-i) to loot at smb. with respect and honour |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, to look after; to guard | ... نَظَرَ ل (naḏ̣ara li-...) to look after smb. |
| reference | Baranov Lane: 2811 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Egyptian | |
| lexeme | nw | |
| meaning 1 | see, look | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of, look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme 1 | see | |
| lexeme 2 | see (to smth.) | |
| meaning 1 | to see | cats see well at night |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after | to see to the children |
| reference | ||
| comment | The change in subcategorization frame. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme 1 | look | |
| lexeme 2 | look after | |
| meaning 1 | to look | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | katsoa | |
| meaning 1 | look at | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of, look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Gaagudju | |
| lexeme 1 | goro-garra | |
| lexeme 2 | goro-garra-garra | |
| meaning 1 | to see | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 574 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | бакмаа (bakmaa) | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973: 69 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Geez | |
| lexeme | ḥawwaṣa | |
| meaning 1 | to look on, peep, observe | wa-təḫewwəṣ ʔəḫtu ʔəmrəḥuḳ kama tāʔmər mənt təbaṣṣəḥo (Ex. 2:4) and his sister watches him from far away in order to know what happens to him |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after, take care of, be solicitous | wa-hallo 1 radʔ... za-yəḥewwəṣā wa-yətʔallakā (Walatta Petros 38) and there was assistant who looked after her and served her |
| reference | CDG: 250 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gude | |
| lexeme | nəngə | |
| meaning 1 | watch | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | look after, take care of | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hausa | |
| lexeme 1 | dība | |
| lexeme 2 | bedauye dibi | |
| meaning 1 | look at, look for | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | guard, watch, keep safe | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000. 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hill Mari | |
| lexeme | анжаш | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme 1 | néz | |
| lexeme 2 | utána nez | |
| meaning 1 | look at, look for, consider | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | utána 'after' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme 1 | kā (kād-), kāy (kād-/kāyd-), kāyi (kāyid-) | |
| lexeme 2 | kāpāḍu | |
| meaning 1 | to watch, to guard etc. | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to guard, take care of | |
| reference | DEDR: 132 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karaim | |
| lexeme | бакъ- | |
| meaning 1 | to look | анасына бакъ та, къызыны ал look at the mother and ask the daughter in marriage (saying) |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for | бакъсан-багъ, бакъмасанъ-дагъ If you take care of it, it will turn into a garden, if you don't, it will turn into a wood (saying) |
| reference | KRPS: 99 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karaim | |
| lexeme | сакла- | |
| meaning 1 | protect, guard, preserve | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to watch (over), to keep an eye (on) | |
| reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973: 461 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khmer | |
| lexeme | mə:l | |
| meaning 1 | see | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Khoekhoe | |
| lexeme 1 | mû | |
| lexeme 2 | mûri | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | |
| reference | Haacke Khoekhoe 2002: 92 | |
| comment | Also another compound: mûǃgâ "keep an eye on (especially children, animals", Haacke: p. 93 | |
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kipeá (Kariri) | |
| lexeme | ne | |
| meaning 1 | to look | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care | |
| reference | Azevedo 1965: 87 GLD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Kunwinjku | |
| lexeme 1 | nan | |
| lexeme 2 | nahnan | |
| meaning 1 | to see | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after, watch over, care for, look out for | |
| reference | Evans, Wilkins 2000: 574 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kurux | |
| lexeme | ērnā (īryas) | |
| meaning 1 | look, see | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 177 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kwamera | |
| lexeme | -ata amasan | |
| meaning 1 | see good | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | protect, look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Malagasy | |
| lexeme 1 | miandrànda | |
| lexeme 2 | miàndary | |
| meaning 1 | hope for, look up | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | expect, take care of | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Manchu | |
| lexeme | tuwa- | |
| meaning 1 | look | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | oversee | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marshallese | |
| lexeme | lale | |
| meaning 1 | see, look | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | look after | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Meadow Mari | |
| lexeme | ончаш | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | ӱмбакыже ончаш to look at him |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | йочам ончаш, сӧснам ончаш to take care of a child; to look after pigs |
| reference | Marij jylme muter | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| lexeme | hara- | |
| meaning 1 | look (at) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | guard, supervise, look after someone | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nahuatl | |
| lexeme | īxōtiā | |
| meaning 1 | keep watch | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of something, look after something, keep watch | |
| reference | ||
| comment | īx-tli 'face, surface, eye' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | смотреть | |
| meaning 1 | to see, to watch | смотреть на звезды to watch stars |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after | смотреть за больным to look after a patient |
| reference | ||
| comment | The change in subcategorization frame. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | следить | |
| lexeme 2 | следить | |
| meaning 1 | to watch someone | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | следить за детьми look after the children |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rutul | |
| lexeme | гакъын / gaɢɨn | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | гьаIятди гакъын / haˤjatdi gaɢɨn to look into the yard |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | хынхыхда гакъын / χɨnχɨχda gaɢɨn to look after children |
| reference | Ismailova 2011: 283 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sumerian | |
| lexeme 1 | igi--du8 | |
| lexeme 2 | igi--du8 | |
| meaning 1 | to look at smth, see | lu2 muš2 kug-ga igi du8 en {d}Nun-dim2-mud-e (A Hymn to Haia for Rim-Sin (Rim-Sin B) 2.6.9.2:27); a-da tuš kur-šag4-ga igi du8 (Proverbs 6.1.26:20) He who gazes upon the holy precinct, upon Lord Nudimmud; those who live near the water look into the mountains. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to look after, inspect | a-zu sag9-ge šim-mu2 tur5-ra-ta šag4 lu2-ulu3 igi du8 (A dog of Nintinuga 5.7.2:9); lu2-ra igi du8 na-an-ak-e uru2-bi ša-ri-<ib>-su-su (The instructions of Suruppag 5.6.1:21) The kindly physician, the exorcist to the sick, who looks after the hearts of humans; you should not make an inspection (?) on a man: the flood (?) will give it back (?) to you. |
| reference | ||
| comment | The composite verb is used with the Locative element -ni- or /bi-/. The verb du8 itself means 'to open; to release'. Also igi--ĝál 'to look at; to keep watch'. For more examples see: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?simplesearchword=&simplesearch=&searchword=igi+du8&charenc=gcirc&lists= | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Swahili | |
| lexeme 1 | angalia | |
| lexeme 2 | mwangalizi | |
| meaning 1 | look at, be careful | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | a careful, observant person, caretaker, guardian | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tabassaran | |
| lexeme | libgub | |
| meaning 1 | to look | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to look after | бицIидариз лигуб to look after the children |
| reference | ||
| comment | (TabRus 217) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | pār- | |
| meaning 1 | To see, look at, view, notice, observe | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | To look after, take care of, manage, superintend | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2615 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tibetan | |
| lexeme | ltos-pa | |
| meaning 1 | to look, to watch | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to take care | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Рерих 3, 393. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tigre | |
| lexeme | ʔattaḳbala | |
| meaning 1 | to look | wa-ʔəb la-ʔənkərā la-gəbuḥ waʕagā ʔət lattaḳbəllo ʔəgəl la-́ṣəgādu ḥagḥaga and he scrubbed his neck with its blunt side, while the monkey was watching him (PPEA I:13, line 20) |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to look after smth | məndi ləddarre dib šābrā; ʔadugātu lattaḳbəl when he descends to Shabra, he watches his donkeys (PPEA III:526, L. 714, line 15) |
| reference | WTS: 248 | |
| comment | Presumably the shift is from 'to shepherd' to 'to watch'. Formally the verb is causative from one of the following verbs: ḳabbala 'accept', ̣ʔaḳbala 'retrun' ḳābala 'go to the other side'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | bak- | |
| meaning 1 | look | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | take care of, look after, tend | hastaya bak to look after a patient |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | bakmak | |
| meaning 1 | to see/to look at | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for, look after | hastaya bakmak to look after the patient (to watch at a person's bedside) |
| reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tuvan | |
| lexeme | көр- | |
| meaning 1 | to look; to see | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to care for | мал көөр to look after the cattle |
| reference | ||
| comment | The same in Yak. Көр-. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme | nhìn | |
| meaning 1 | see | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Yir Yoront | |
| lexeme 1 | karr | |
| lexeme 2 | mon=karr | |
| meaning 1 | see | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | accompany and look after, take care of | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Zulu | |
| lexeme | beka | |
| meaning 1 | look | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | take care of, look after, watch, supervise | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 178 | |