Number of realizations
5
cold (adj.)
→
unpleasant
| Realization | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | abʁub | |
| Meaning 1 | to cool, to chill, to freeze | балин хилар аргъура "the boy's hands are freezing" |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to annoy | a. кIваз гъаргъур 'annoying (= cold to the heart)'; "1. опостылевший (= холодный сердцу) 2. неприятные (= холодные) слова" |
| Reference | ||
| Related Languages | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 44) | |
| Realization | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | styt' | |
| Lexeme 2 | postylyj | |
| Meaning 1 | to cool, to get cold | Суп остыл. "The soup got sold" |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | unloved, boring | a. Постылое рабство 'odious slavery'. "; , , everything annoyed me (L. Tolstoy)" |
| Reference | ||
| Related Languages | ||
| Comment | Cf. остылый '1. cold. «С лица катится пот остылый.» Пушкин (Cold sweat is flowing down his face. Pushkin). 2. Boring. «Нам горька остылой жизни чаша.» Лермонтов (And the cup of the boring life is bitter to us. Lermontov)'. | |
| Realization | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | moroz, moroznyj | |
| Lexeme 2 | mraz', merzkij | |
| Meaning 1 | cold | a. Два градуса мороза. 'It is minus two C.' b. Из теплой избы выйти на мороз. 'To go out of the warm house into the cold.' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | shit, nullity (person) | a. Этакая мразь, а туда же лезет! 'What a crud, but wants to get there too!' b. Всякая мразь сюда суется. 'All sorts of cruds are coming here.' |
| Reference | ||
| Related Languages | ||
| Comment | Accroding to Vasmer, мороз "связано чередованием гласных с мерзкий, мёрзнуть (is related to мерзкий (disgusting), мёрзнуть (to freeze)) via vowel alternations)." | |
| Realization | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Russian | |
| Language 2 | Slovenian | |
| Lexeme 1 | stuža | |
| Lexeme 2 | stud | |
| Meaning 1 | cold | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | disgust | |
| Reference | ||
| Related Languages | ||
| Comment | Among the Slavic cognates Vasmer cites, in particular: Bulg. студ "cold", Serbo-Cr. студ --the same, Sloven. stud "disguct", Czech., Slvk. stud "shame", Pol. ostuda "bad cold". Also студить, стужу - Ucr. студити, Bel. студзiць, Serbo-Cr. студити, студjети "to be cold", Sloven. studiti, -im "to be disgusted", чеш. studiti "остужать", слвц. studit', Pol. studzic, High Lus. studzic, Low Lus. stuzis "to cool". The Rus. 'the feeling of embarassment, repentance resulting from the awareness of having done smth obnoxious.' | |
| Realization | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | سرد sard | |
| Meaning 1 | cold | هواي سرد havāi sard "cold weather" |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | disgusting, boring | از چیزی سرد شدن az čizi sard šodan "to be disappointed in something" |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970 page 34 | |
| Related Languages | ||
| Comment | ПРС 453. | |