dog
→
bad person
9 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batak Toba | |
| Lexeme | asu | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | coarse word much used in insults | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Erzya | |
| Lexeme | киска | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rascal | |
| Reference | Serebrennikov et al. 1993: 268 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme 1 | kic’ | |
| Lexeme 2 | kic’wal | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | meanness, dirty act | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LezgRus 160) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Manggarai | |
| Lexeme | acu | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ften used to insult and mock people | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | pes | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | bad person | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | sobaka | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | a. Породистая собака 'Purebred dog'. b. Сторожевая собака 'Patrol dog'. c. Легавая собака 'Pointing dog'. d. Дворовая собака 'Mongrel'. e. Комнатная собака 'Housedog'. f. Охотничья собака 'Hound'. g. Служебная собака 'Tracker dog'. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | rascal | Ведь не бьет, собака, наотмашь, а тычет кулачищем прямо в рожу. (Сухово-Кобылин) He does not beat with the back of his hand, dirty dog, he pokes his big fist right in the face. (Sukhovo-Kobylin) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | tula | |
| Meaning 1 | hound | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | lickspittle (fig.) | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 281) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tausug | |
| Lexeme | iruʔ | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | a derogatory term for a person, often used in anger to children who disobey or are hard to manage | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | it | |
| Meaning 1 | dog | it iniği puppy |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | bad person | |
| Reference | Baskakov 1977: 482 | |
| Comment | ||