to carry
→
to endure
13 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | krel | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry | |
| Meaning 2 | to suffer, to undergo | patižǝ krel, tanǰank(h)ner krel to serve a prison term, to bear sufferings |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | АрмРС 369 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | bear | |
| Meaning 1 | to transfer, to transport [НБАРС 205] | to bear a banner to bear a banner [НБАРС 205] |
| Meaning 2 | to stand, to bear [НБАРС 183] | to bear pain to stand pain [НБАРС 205] |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The same in Icel. Bera | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme | tragen | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry [НЕМ 847] | etw. Ueber den Bach tragen to carry smth over a stream [Нем. 847] |
| Meaning 2 | to stand, to bear [НЕМ 847] | etw. mit Geduld tragen to stand smth patiently [НЕМ 847] |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Also ertragen 'to stand, to bear' [НЕМ 290] | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Geez | |
| Lexeme | ṣora | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry [LGz. 567] | yəʯeyyəs təsor ʯos wa-sewa (Sir. 22:15) you better carry sand and salt |
| Meaning 2 | to bear [LGz. 567] | ʔi-təkəl sawirotomu la-ʔəkuyn ʔəlla yəbəlu rəʔəsomu hawryt Apoc, 2:2 You cannto stand the wicked who say that they are apostles |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | ḥamala | |
| Lexeme 2 | ʔiḥtamala | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry (a burden) [BK I 494-495] | ḥamalat ḥaml-an ḫafīf-an 'she bore a light burden' (Lane 646) |
| Meaning 2 | to bear | kn l yahtamilna wujd-a ḳadam-in ʔajnbiyyat-in ʕalay-h They could not stand the presence of a foreign foot their www.amin.org/views/hisham_carawi/2003/jul13.html (03.03.2004) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kildin Saami | |
| Lexeme | кӯннѣтэ | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry, to trasnport | кӯннѣтэ парна кӣд альн to carry a child in one's arms |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | кӯннѣтэ грӣб ю̄лькэ альн to have flu and to stay on the move |
| Reference | Kuruč 1985: 133 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | nesti | |
| Lexeme 2 | perenosit' | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry | нести груз to carry a load |
| Meaning 2 | to bear | он мужественно переносил несчастье He bore the misery with courage. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. also сносить (оскорбление) 'to bear insults', выносить (унижения) 'to bear humiliations' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme | tanel | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry | |
| Meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | АрмРС 648 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Middle Persian (Pahlavi) | |
| Lexeme | bar- | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry, to trasnport | |
| Meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | This root has similar polysemy in many Iranian languages: ЭСИЯ 2, 85 etc. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | ὀχέω | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry | |
| Meaning 2 | to stand, to bear | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LSJ 1280 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | beba | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry on one's back | asiye nа mtoto nа abebe jiwe who is childless let him carry a stone on one's back (saying) |
| Meaning 2 | to bear, to stand | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | φέρω | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to bear, to stand | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Botlikh | |
| Lexeme | барлIи | |
| Meaning 1 | to carry, to bear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to endure | сураб гьагар барлIи to endure severe pain; |
| Reference | Alekseev, Azaev 2019: 50 | |
| Comment | ||