heavy (of weight)
→
important
20 realizations
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amharic | |
| lexeme | käbbad | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | käbbad saṭən 'a heavy box' (Leslau 1973:572) |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | serious, grave, impressive | käbbad nägär 'a serious, an important affair' (K 1425) |
| reference | ||
| comment | (K 1425) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | βάρος | |
| meaning 1 | heaviness, weight | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | weight, significance, merit | |
| reference | ||
| comment | LSJ 307 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme | razīn- | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | serious, important | rağul-un razīn-un important, respected person |
| reference | ||
| comment | (BK I 857). Borrowed in Pers. рäзин 'sound, heavy; respectable, important'. Tna. räzzin 'heavy, weighty; massy, solid, deadweight; fig. staid, serious, grave' (KT 595-596) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | English | |
| lexeme | weighty | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | weighty | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Cf. also German wichtig 'important' < Gewicht 'weight' (Kluge 986) {derivation} | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | ثقیل ṯaqil | |
| meaning 1 | heaviness, weight | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | importance | ثقیل دلیل ṯaqil dalil solid argument |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 419 | |
| comment | ПРС 233. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Farsi | |
| lexeme | سنگین sangin | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | سنگین چمدان sangin čamedān heavy bag |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | important | سنگین اشتباه sangin eštebāh serious mistake |
| reference | Rubinčik 1970: 2, 63 | |
| comment | ПРС 476. It has been derived from the word сäнг 'stone'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme | omoi (重い) | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | 手伝いましょう。あなたの鞄とても重そうです Let me help you. Your bag looks very heavy. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | serious, important | 重い地位にいる to hold a position of responsibility |
| reference | ||
| comment | EDICT. ЯРИРЯС 68. | |
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Khamnigan Mongol | |
| lexeme 1 | kündü | |
| lexeme 2 | kündütei | |
| meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important, respected person | |
| reference | Damdinov, Sundueva 2015: 184 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latin | |
| lexeme | gravis | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important | stoicus gravissimus the most influential stoic |
| reference | ||
| comment | Glare 775 | |
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latvian | |
| lexeme | svarīgs | |
| meaning 1 | (rare) heavy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important | |
| reference | Tezaurs.lv | |
| comment | From svars (“weight”) + -īgs the “heavy” sense is still sporadically attested) |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| lexeme | hünd | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | |
| meaning 2 | respected, important | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Polish | |
| lexeme | ważny | |
| meaning 1 | heavy (of weight) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important | |
| reference | Sakhno 2009: 58 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | вес (ves) | |
| lexeme 2 | весомый (vesomyj) | |
| meaning 1 | weight | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | ponderable | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Cf. also веский 'important' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | gurú | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important | |
| reference | ||
| comment | also 'respected (person)', hence later meaning of 'teacher'. Кочергина 194. Cf. also gaurava 'heaviness, importance, dignity, respect'. Кочергина 198 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tabassaran | |
| lexeme | aʁir | |
| meaning 1 | heavy, hard, difficult | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | important, dignified | |
| reference | ||
| comment | (TabRus 48). A Turkic loan. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tagalog | |
| lexeme | bigát | |
| meaning 1 | weight | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | influential person | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Таг 54 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | ağır | |
| meaning 1 | heavy | ağır bir yük hard load |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important, solemn | 1) ağır sat- 1) t give oneself airs 2) to show respect, honour |
| reference | ||
| comment | ТуРС 28. | |
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme 1 | okka | |
| lexeme 2 | okkalı | |
| meaning 1 | meaure of weight (1.283 kg) | beş okka gelir it weighs 5 okka. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | important | okkalı bir fikir An important idea |
| reference | Baskakov 1977: 685 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Ukrainian | |
| language 2 | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | вага (vaha) | |
| lexeme 2 | важный (važnyj) | |
| meaning 1 | weight, burden | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | important | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Cf. Vasmer I: 162; ### Old Slavonic. ДГ! | |
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | вага | |
| meaning 1 | weight | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | importance | |
| reference | URS Grinchenko 1909: 120 | |
| comment | ||
In fact these realizations illustrate two different meanings of 'important', i.e. 'important question/affair' and 'important person'. However in most languages it is difficult to distinguish between two meanings because the dictionaries do not always contain the necessary information.