pear
→
potato
4 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Armenian | |
| Lexeme 1 | tanj (տանձ) | |
| Lexeme 2 | Kat’ołikos Ep’remi tanjy (Կաթողիկոս Եփրեմի տանձը) | |
| Meaning 1 | pear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dated) potato (lit. the pear of Catholicos Yeprem) | |
| Reference | Vardanian et al. (eds.) 2012: 116 | |
| Comment | It is reported that potatoes, along with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), were brought to Armenia from India by Catholicos of All Armenians Yeprem I (1809-1830). In Modern Eastern Armenain the basic word for potato is kartofil (կարտոֆիլ) from Russian картофель | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Finnish | |
| Lexeme | peruna | |
| Meaning 1 | pear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | potato | |
| Reference | Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007 | |
| Comment | From Swedish päron 'pear' or jordpäron 'potato', through Finnish-Swedish dialectal pärun or peerun. The same word was originally used for pears and potatoes. In its modern meaning, peruna is first mentioned in a 1787 dictionary by Christfried Ganander. In modern Finnish 'pear' is päärynä | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme 1 | Birne | |
| Lexeme 2 | Grundbirne | |
| Meaning 1 | pear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | potato | |
| Reference | Duden | |
| Comment | 'ground pear' Also dialectal grumper, krumbeer, krumpir, gruntbir. Borrowed to Serbian кро̀мпӣр, Bosnian kròmpīr, Croatian krùmpīr, Slovene krompīr, Hungarian krumpli, Macedonian компир, Aromanian combar, Luxembourgish Gromper, Bulgarian dialectal компир. Turkish kumpir 'baked potato, (rare) potato' was borrowed from Bulgarian. Romanian dialectal crumpenă was borrowed from Serbo-Croatian | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | pară | |
| Meaning 1 | pear | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (dialect) potato | |
| Reference | Seche 2002 | |
| Comment | ||