grandchild
—
grandparent
101 realizations
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Alune | |
| lexeme | upu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ambulas (Abelam) | |
| lexeme | maamu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Kundama et al. 1987: 48 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ambulas (Abelam) | |
| lexeme | waraga | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Kundama et al. 1987: 88 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amis | |
| lexeme | fofo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bima (Austronesian) | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bima (Austronesian) | |
| lexeme | waʔi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Bontok | |
| lexeme | ʔápu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild, great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent, great grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | term of address for all of one's relatives at the second (or greater) ascending or descending generation |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buli (Indonesia) | |
| lexeme | bu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buru | |
| lexeme | opo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Casiguran Dumagat | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Central Masela | |
| lexeme | ˈmɛm+ni | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dai | |
| lexeme | mɛmˈbi+on | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Deing | |
| lexeme | taler | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Deing | |
| lexeme | tapis | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Dibabawon | |
| lexeme | apu-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Djaru | |
| lexeme | ɖamiji | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild (daughter's son, daughter's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent (mother's father, mother's father's brother) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Tsunoda, T. (1980) The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia, Pacific Linguistics B-98, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. P. 11-13. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Djaru | |
| lexeme | gilagi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild (son's son, son's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent (father's father, father's father's brother) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Tsunoda, T. (1980) The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia, Pacific Linguistics B-98, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. P. 11-13. |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dobel (Kobro’or) | |
| lexeme | sabu+m | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Donggo | |
| lexeme | ompu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | aufa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021: 15 | |
| comment | Also bobada 'person three generations removed from ego; great grandparent/ great grandchild' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | bobada | |
| meaning 1 | great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great grandparent | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Emplawas | |
| lexeme | ˈmemi+ɛʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ende (Flores island) | |
| lexeme | əᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Fataluku | |
| lexeme | t͡ɕaˈluwɛ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Fordata | |
| lexeme | ubu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Also bubu 'reciprocal term of address between grandparents and grandchildren' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gizzra | |
| lexeme | boba (term of address), bobat (term of reference) | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Van Bodegraven Nico, van Bodegraven Elly. Gizrra-English Dictionary 24 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Grass Koiarj | |
| lexeme | ivahika | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Dutton 2003: 93 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Grass Koiarj | |
| lexeme | vahi, vahika | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Dutton 2003: 189 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Hanunoo | |
| lexeme | umpút | |
| meaning 1 | great-grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great-grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hawu (Sabu) | |
| lexeme | epu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ilocano | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Imroing | |
| lexeme | ˈup+e | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Isneg (Isnag) | |
| lexeme | āpó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Itbayaten | |
| lexeme | apo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild, great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent, great grandparten | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | vocative only |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kamaru | |
| lexeme | waowa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kambowa | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kankanaey | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kâte | |
| lexeme | ŋosa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Flierl, Strauss 1977: 251 | |
| comment | apa 'great grandparent , gread grandchild' page 7 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kâte | |
| lexeme | apa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Flierl, Strauss 1977: 7 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Kawi (Old Javanese) | |
| language 2 | Simeulue (Simalur) | |
| lexeme | ituŋ | |
| meaning 1 | great-great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Lekon dial.) grandmother | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Kei | |
| lexeme | ubu-n | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Keo (Nagé-Kéo) | |
| lexeme | eᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komodo | |
| lexeme | uᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komodo | |
| lexeme | wai | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Kyaka | |
| lexeme | apusi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Draper & Draper 2002: 90 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Lakalai | |
| lexeme | pupu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term of address |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Liabuku | |
| lexeme | waowa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lio | |
| lexeme | mamo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Luang (Wetan) | |
| lexeme | ˈupə | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mairasi | |
| lexeme | avu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Peckham: 72 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Makasae | |
| lexeme | dada | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Manggarai | |
| lexeme | əᵐpo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Also 'ancestor; taboo for a given clan (as certain animals); name for calling the spirits; nickname for crocodile; refined term for male and female genitals; very old' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Maranao | |
| lexeme | apo-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongondow | |
| lexeme | ompu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Moskona (Meninggo, Sabena) | |
| lexeme | medina | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Mota | |
| lexeme | pupu-a | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term of address |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mota | |
| lexeme | t-upu-i | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Muna | |
| lexeme | awa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nage | |
| lexeme | əˈbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | East Nage CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nali | |
| lexeme | tubru | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Narak | |
| lexeme | apóna | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Hainsworth et al. 2019: 83 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Narak | |
| lexeme | kokáye | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Hainsworth et al. 2019: 320 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nedebang | |
| lexeme | gətaja | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Nehan (Nissan) | |
| lexeme | tubu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngardi | |
| lexeme | kilaki | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Cataldi 2011: 122 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngardi | |
| lexeme | kumpurru | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Cataldi 2011: 136 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | mayili | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (son's son) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather (father's father) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 24 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 68 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | mabuji | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (daughter's son) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather (mother's father) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 21 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 69 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | nhugunuwarra | |
| meaning 1 | son's son (in relation to his paternal grandfather); daughter's daughter (in relation to her paternal grandmother); daughter's son (thami) (in relation to his maternal grandfather); son's daughter (gantharri) (in relation to her maternal grandmother) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | paternal grandfather (in relation to his son's son); paternal grandmother (in relation to her daughter's daughter);.maternal grandfather (in relation to his daughter's son); maternal grandmother (in relation to her son's daughter) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 33 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 70 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | thami | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (daughter's son). | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | maternal grandfather | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 35 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | gantharri | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter (son's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | maternal grandmother | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 13 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 72 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | ngabari | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter (daughter's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother (father's mother) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 27 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 73 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Numfor (Biak) | |
| lexeme | k-epu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 74 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Paiwan | |
| lexeme | vuvu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchildren | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparents | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 75 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palawan Batak | |
| lexeme | ʔapó-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 76 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palu'e | |
| lexeme | puː | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 77 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pancana | |
| lexeme | wauwa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Kampeonaho CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 78 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pancana | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Labundoua and Todanga CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 79 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rembong | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 80 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rongga | |
| lexeme | əᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 81 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Sarangani Manobo | |
| lexeme | apo-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 82 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serua | |
| lexeme | ˈupnu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 83 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Southeast Babar | |
| lexeme | mɛˈmɛm | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 84 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Taba (East Makian, Makian Dalam) | |
| lexeme | bbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 85 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Takia | |
| lexeme | tbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 86 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | peyartti | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2863 | |
| comment | Meaning 1: "Grand-daughter, as bearing the same name as her grandmother". The form made by derivation from the lexeme "peyar" meaning "name". | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 87 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | pēraṉ | |
| meaning 1 | grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2899 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 88 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | pīṭṭaṉ | |
| meaning 1 | great grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great grandfather | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2732 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 89 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Teiwa | |
| lexeme | natapis | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 90 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tela-Masbuar | |
| lexeme | ˈup+e | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 91 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tolai (Kuanua) | |
| lexeme | t-ubu-na | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 92 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Tolai (Kuanua) | |
| lexeme | t-abu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Also 'reciprocal term used between a woman and her parents-in-law' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 93 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tukang Besi | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 94 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uruangnirin | |
| lexeme | ˈtatan | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 95 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wantoat | |
| lexeme | bapu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Davis, Dangepnana 2012: 23 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 96 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Watut | |
| lexeme | rumbu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 97 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wersing (Kolana) | |
| lexeme | neˈtamu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 98 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Western Bukidnon Manobo | |
| lexeme | apu-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 99 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Windesi | |
| lexeme | t-apu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 100 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wolio | |
| lexeme | opu+a | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 101 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yamdena | |
| lexeme | embu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
This semantic shift is registered, as for now, mainly in languages of Asia and Australia region.
It correlates with the Kinship system's feature, observed in the anthropology of Kinship, desctribed as "alternate generations merging" (‘grandfathers’ +2 and ‘grandchildren’ -2), see discussion in detail in [Dzibel 2001]. Here "alternate" is a derivation from the anthropological term "alter". Some researchers consider this type of merging a feature of ancient social structures, cf. [Allen 1995].
- Allen, N. J. The initial stage of the evolution of Dravidian-type kinship terminology // Algebra of kinship: Issue. 1. - St. Petersburg 1995.
- Dzibel, 2001 - Dzibel GV. The phenomenon of kinship: Prolegomena to the idenetic theory / Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences // Algebra of kinship, V. A. Popov;. - St. Petersburg, 2001. - Issue. 6.