grandchild
—
grandparent
101 realizations
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Alune | |
| lexeme | upu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ambulas (Abelam) | |
| lexeme | maamu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Kundama et al. 1987: 48 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ambulas (Abelam) | |
| lexeme | waraga | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Kundama et al. 1987: 88 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Amis | |
| lexeme | fofo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bima (Austronesian) | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bima (Austronesian) | |
| lexeme | waʔi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Bontok | |
| lexeme | ʔápu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild, great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent, great grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | term of address for all of one's relatives at the second (or greater) ascending or descending generation |
|
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buli (Indonesia) | |
| lexeme | bu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buru | |
| lexeme | opo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Casiguran Dumagat | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Central Masela | |
| lexeme | ˈmɛm+ni | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dai | |
| lexeme | mɛmˈbi+on | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Deing | |
| lexeme | taler | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Deing | |
| lexeme | tapis | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Dibabawon | |
| lexeme | apu-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Djaru | |
| lexeme | ɖamiji | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild (daughter's son, daughter's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent (mother's father, mother's father's brother) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Tsunoda, T. (1980) The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia, Pacific Linguistics B-98, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. P. 11-13. |
|
| NEW Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Djaru | |
| lexeme | gilagi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild (son's son, son's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent (father's father, father's father's brother) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Tsunoda, T. (1980) The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia, Pacific Linguistics B-98, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. P. 11-13. |
|
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Dobel (Kobro’or) | |
| lexeme | sabu+m | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Donggo | |
| lexeme | ompu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | aufa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021: 15 | |
| comment | Also bobada 'person three generations removed from ego; great grandparent/ great grandchild' | |
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Doromu-Koki | |
| lexeme | bobada | |
| meaning 1 | great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great grandparent | |
| reference | Bradshaw 2021 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Emplawas | |
| lexeme | ˈmemi+ɛʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ende (Flores island) | |
| lexeme | əᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Fataluku | |
| lexeme | t͡ɕaˈluwɛ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Fordata | |
| lexeme | ubu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Also bubu 'reciprocal term of address between grandparents and grandchildren' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gizzra | |
| lexeme | boba (term of address), bobat (term of reference) | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Van Bodegraven Nico, van Bodegraven Elly. Gizrra-English Dictionary 24 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Grass Koiarj | |
| lexeme | ivahika | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Dutton 2003: 93 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Grass Koiarj | |
| lexeme | vahi, vahika | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Dutton 2003: 189 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Hanunoo | |
| lexeme | umpút | |
| meaning 1 | great-grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great-grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hawu (Sabu) | |
| lexeme | epu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ilocano | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Imroing | |
| lexeme | ˈup+e | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Isneg (Isnag) | |
| lexeme | āpó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Itbayaten | |
| lexeme | apo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild, great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent, great grandparten | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | vocative only |
|
| NEW Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kamaru | |
| lexeme | waowa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kambowa | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kankanaey | |
| lexeme | apó | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kâte | |
| lexeme | ŋosa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Flierl, Strauss 1977: 251 | |
| comment | apa 'great grandparent , gread grandchild' page 7 |
|
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kâte | |
| lexeme | apa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Flierl, Strauss 1977: 7 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Kawi (Old Javanese) | |
| language 2 | Simeulue (Simalur) | |
| lexeme | ituŋ | |
| meaning 1 | great-great grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Lekon dial.) grandmother | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Kei | |
| lexeme | ubu-n | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Keo (Nagé-Kéo) | |
| lexeme | eᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komodo | |
| lexeme | uᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Komodo | |
| lexeme | wai | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Kyaka | |
| lexeme | apusi | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Draper & Draper 2002: 90 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Lakalai | |
| lexeme | pupu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term of address |
|
| NEW Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Liabuku | |
| lexeme | waowa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Lio | |
| lexeme | mamo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Luang (Wetan) | |
| lexeme | ˈupə | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mairasi | |
| lexeme | avu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Peckham: 72 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Makasae | |
| lexeme | dada | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Manggarai | |
| lexeme | əᵐpo | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 Also 'ancestor; taboo for a given clan (as certain animals); name for calling the spirits; nickname for crocodile; refined term for male and female genitals; very old' |
|
| NEW Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Maranao | |
| lexeme | apo-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | ancestor | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongondow | |
| lexeme | ompu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Moskona (Meninggo, Sabena) | |
| lexeme | medina | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Mota | |
| lexeme | pupu-a | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term of address |
|
| NEW Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mota | |
| lexeme | t-upu-i | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Muna | |
| lexeme | awa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nage | |
| lexeme | əˈbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | East Nage CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nali | |
| lexeme | tubru | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Narak | |
| lexeme | apóna | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Hainsworth et al. 2019: 83 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Narak | |
| lexeme | kokáye | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Hainsworth et al. 2019: 320 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nedebang | |
| lexeme | gətaja | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Nehan (Nissan) | |
| lexeme | tubu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngardi | |
| lexeme | kilaki | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Cataldi 2011: 122 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngardi | |
| lexeme | kumpurru | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Cataldi 2011: 136 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | mayili | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (son's son) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather (father's father) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 24 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 68 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | mabuji | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (daughter's son) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather (mother's father) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 21 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 69 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | nhugunuwarra | |
| meaning 1 | son's son (in relation to his paternal grandfather); daughter's daughter (in relation to her paternal grandmother); daughter's son (thami) (in relation to his maternal grandfather); son's daughter (gantharri) (in relation to her maternal grandmother) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | paternal grandfather (in relation to his son's son); paternal grandmother (in relation to her daughter's daughter);.maternal grandfather (in relation to his daughter's son); maternal grandmother (in relation to her son's daughter) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 33 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 70 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | thami | |
| meaning 1 | grandson (daughter's son). | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | maternal grandfather | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 35 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | gantharri | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter (son's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | maternal grandmother | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 13 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 72 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | ngabari | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter (daughter's daughter) | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother (father's mother) | |
| reference | Dixon et al. 2008: 27 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 73 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Numfor (Biak) | |
| lexeme | k-epu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 74 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Paiwan | |
| lexeme | vuvu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchildren | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparents | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 75 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palawan Batak | |
| lexeme | ʔapó-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 76 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palu'e | |
| lexeme | puː | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 77 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pancana | |
| lexeme | wauwa | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Kampeonaho CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 78 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pancana | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | Labundoua and Todanga CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 79 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rembong | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 ACD | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 80 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rongga | |
| lexeme | əᵐbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 81 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Sarangani Manobo | |
| lexeme | apo-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 82 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serua | |
| lexeme | ˈupnu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 83 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Southeast Babar | |
| lexeme | mɛˈmɛm | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 84 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Taba (East Makian, Makian Dalam) | |
| lexeme | bbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 85 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Takia | |
| lexeme | tbu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | World Loanword Database | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 86 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | peyartti | |
| meaning 1 | granddaughter | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2863 | |
| comment | Meaning 1: "Grand-daughter, as bearing the same name as her grandmother". The form made by derivation from the lexeme "peyar" meaning "name". | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 87 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | pēraṉ | |
| meaning 1 | grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2899 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 88 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tamil | |
| lexeme | pīṭṭaṉ | |
| meaning 1 | great grandson | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | great grandfather | |
| reference | Tamil lexicon: 2732 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 89 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Teiwa | |
| lexeme | natapis | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 90 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tela-Masbuar | |
| lexeme | ˈup+e | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 91 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tolai (Kuanua) | |
| lexeme | t-ubu-na | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 92 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Tolai (Kuanua) | |
| lexeme | t-abu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | Also 'reciprocal term used between a woman and her parents-in-law' |
|
| NEW Realization 93 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tukang Besi | |
| lexeme | oᵐpu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 94 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uruangnirin | |
| lexeme | ˈtatan | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandfather | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 95 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wantoat | |
| lexeme | bapu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | Davis, Dangepnana 2012: 23 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 96 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Watut | |
| lexeme | rumbu- | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | reciprocal term |
|
| NEW Realization 97 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wersing (Kolana) | |
| lexeme | neˈtamu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandmother | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 98 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Syncretism | |
| language | Western Bukidnon Manobo | |
| lexeme | apu-ʔ | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 99 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Windesi | |
| lexeme | t-apu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 100 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wolio | |
| lexeme | opu+a | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | LexiRumah 3.0.0 | |
| comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 101 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yamdena | |
| lexeme | embu | |
| meaning 1 | grandchild | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | grandparent | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
This semantic shift is registered, as for now, mainly in languages of Asia and Australia region.
It correlates with the Kinship system's feature, observed in the anthropology of Kinship, desctribed as "alternate generations merging" (‘grandfathers’ +2 and ‘grandchildren’ -2), see discussion in detail in [Dzibel 2001]. Here "alternate" is a derivation from the anthropological term "alter". Some researchers consider this type of merging a feature of ancient social structures, cf. [Allen 1995].
- Allen, N. J. The initial stage of the evolution of Dravidian-type kinship terminology // Algebra of kinship: Issue. 1. - St. Petersburg 1995.
- Dzibel, 2001 - Dzibel GV. The phenomenon of kinship: Prolegomena to the idenetic theory / Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences // Algebra of kinship, V. A. Popov;. - St. Petersburg, 2001. - Issue. 6.