jackfruit
→
pineapple
4 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Assamese | |
| lexeme 1 | kõthal (কঁঠাল) | |
| lexeme 2 | matikõthal (মাটিকঁঠাল) | |
| meaning 1 | jackfruit | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | pineapple | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | mati (মাটি) 'ground' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Cantonese Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | bo1 lo4 mat6 (菠蘿蜜) | |
| lexeme 2 | bo1 lo4 / bo1 lo3* (菠蘿) | |
| meaning 1 | jackfruit | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | pineapple | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou), Macau, Guangzhou (Panyu), Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu), Guangzhou (Conghua), Guangzhou (Zengcheng), Foshan, Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai), Foshan (Shunde), Foshan (Sanshui), Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming), Zhongshan (Shiqi), Zhuhai (Qianshan), Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka), Zhuhai (Doumen), Jiangmen (Baisha), Jiangmen (Xinhui), Taishan, Taishan (Guanghai), Kaiping (Chikan), Enping (Niujiang), Heshan (Yayao), Dongguan, Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an), Nanning, Nanning (Tanka), Wuzhou, Yulin, Hepu (Lianzhou), Guiping, Guiping (Jintian), Mengshan (Xihe), Guigang (Nanjiang), Beiliu (Tangliao), Baise, Bobai, Lingshan, Pubei, Qinzhou, Beihai, Ningming, Hengxian, Hezhou (Pumen), Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu), Yangon (Taishan), Mandalay (Taishan) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Gan Chinese | |
| lexeme 1 | 菠蘿蜜 | |
| lexeme 2 | 菠蘿 | |
| meaning 1 | jackfruit | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | pineapple | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | bōluómì (菠蘿蜜) | |
| meaning 1 | jackfruit, breadfruit | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (dialectal Mandarin) pineapple | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From 波羅蜜 'paramita; perfection (Buddhism)', with the addition of the 艹 ('grass') radical to indicate a plant. The association between paramita and jackfruit may have resulted from the confusion of the two Sanskrit loanwords 波羅蜜 (MC puɑ lɑ miɪt̚ 'paramita') and 波那娑 (MC puɑ nɑ sɑ 'jackfruit'). Often in clipped form bōluó (菠蘿／菠萝), possibly influenced by reanalysis of the original word as 菠蘿 + 蜜, resulting in the dropping of 蜜 'honey'. Full form in Harbin, clipped form in Formal Mandarin, Taiwan, Harbin, Muping, Jinan, Xi'an, Ürümqi. Wuhan, Chengdu, Guiyang, Guilin, Guilin (Lingui), Liuzhou, Liuzhou (Luorong), Nanning (Wuming), Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan), Dagudi (Maliba), Reshuitang (Longling), Mae Salong (Lancang), Mae Sai (Tengchong). | |