Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 | |
| 3600 | meat | — | body | Open |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Classical Arabic | |
| lexeme 1 | bašar-, bašarat- | |
| lexeme 2 | bašar- | |
| meaning 1 | skin | إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ ˀinammā yuˀātabu l-ˀadīm-u ḏū l-bašarat-i (prov.) Only the hide that has the exterior part, upon which the hair grows, is put again into the tan (meaning, only he is disciplined, or reproved, who is an object of hope, and in whom is full intelligence, and strength |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | people, mankind, human being (male or female) | هُوَ بَشَرٌ huwa bašar-un He is a human. |
| reference | Lane: 207-208 | |
| comment | The lexeme was relegated to the meanings “epidermis” and “mankind” under the impact of laḥm- (originally, “food” in general) (Kogan 2015:112). From PWS *bi/aŝar ‘meat’ (SED I No. 41). We are likely faced with two independent semantic developments from an original meaning “flesh, meat” (“flesh” > “skin” and “flesh” > “people”) (Kogan 2015:278, n. 768).
Cf. also bašar- ‘human, person’ in modern Arabic. |
|
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Classical Arabic | |
| language 2 | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme 1 | ˀadam-, ˀadīm- | |
| lexeme 2 | ˀādām | |
| meaning 1 | skin, epidermis; surface (of earth) | أَدِيمُ الحَرْبِ ˀadim-u l-harb-i the skin of warriors (lit. of war) |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | mankind; man, individual person | wə-ˀādām ˀayin la-ˁăḇoḏ ˀät-hā-ˀădāmā (Gen. 2:5) And there was not a man to till the ground. |
| reference | Lane: 35-37 HALOT: 14 | |
| comment | Cf. also both Arb. ˀadam- ‘person; mankind’ and Hbr. ˀādām ‘man, human’ render the proper name of the first man Adam in religious tradition. Hence, Arb. ابن ادم ‘person’ (lit. ‘son of Adam’), بنو ادم ‘humankind‘ (lit. ‘sons of Adam’). |
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