hard, solid
→
greedy
6 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ṣaluba | |
| Meaning 1 | 'to be hard, firm, rigid, stiff, tough, strong, robust, sturdy' | ṣalubat-i l-ʔarḍ-u mund̲u ʔaʕwām-in 'The land has been hard by lying waste for years' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be mean | ṣaluba ʕalā l-māl-i 'he was, or became, tenacious, or avaricious, of property' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (Lane 1711) Meaning A is rather "hard, solid" | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hill Mari | |
| Lexeme | яча | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | stingy | |
| Reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kabardian | |
| Lexeme | быдэ (bǝde) | |
| Meaning 1 | strong, hard, solid | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | stingy, mean | |
| Reference | Kardanov 1957: 35 | |
| Comment | СКЧЯ: 53 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kalmyk | |
| Lexeme | хату | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, solid | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | greedy | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Муниев Б. Д. Калмыцко-русский словарь. 1977. С. 583 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Rutul | |
| Lexeme | čʼidkʼɨd | |
| Meaning 1 | firm, solid | mi xuw čʼidkʼɨd jiʔi, meli this bread is stale, don't eat it |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | greedy | čʼirkʼɨnow šešun sekinowɨs wɨlcʼar diš a miser never gives anything to anyone |
| Reference | Alekseeva et al. 2023 Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019: 433 | |
| Comment | In (Alisultanov, Sulejmanova 2019) there is no such shift (Mukhad dialect). Data given for Kina Rutul (filed data) |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | ижми (ižmi) | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, firm, solid | ижми тIурин strong rope |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | acaricious, greedy (fig.) | мукьан ижми махьан Do not be mean. |
| Reference | TabRus: 173 | |
| Comment | ||