Shift #
Number of realizations
106
to hear / to listen
→
to obey
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Korean |
| Lexeme |
tut- |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Swahili |
| Lexeme |
sikia |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tzotzil |
| Lexeme |
ʻaʻik`op |
| Meaning 1 |
hear words |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
be obedient |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Farsi |
| Lexeme |
шенäваи |
| Meaning 1 |
hearing |
шенäвäнде
"listener" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obedience |
|
| Reference |
|
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
ПРС 519. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Romanian |
| Lexeme |
a asculta |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
a asculta o operă
"to listen to an opera" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
a asculta de părinţi, a asculta orbeşte
"to obey parents, to follow like sheep" |
| Reference |
DEX98 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
DRRS 1, 142, DEX98 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Djabugay |
| Lexeme |
bina warray |
| Meaning 1 |
ear bad |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
disobedient |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Erzya |
| Lexeme |
кунсоломс |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
кунсоломс ялгань советэнть
"to follow a friend's advice" |
| Reference |
Serebrennikov et al. 1993 315 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Hausa |
| Lexeme |
ji |
| Meaning 1 |
heard |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obeyed |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Telugu |
| Lexeme |
vinu |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also DEDR: 502 - vinu (viṇṭ-) |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Zulu |
| Lexeme |
zwa |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yukaghir |
| Lexeme |
мөри- |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Anikin 2000 497 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Geez |
| Lexeme |
samʕa |
| Meaning 1 |
hear, hear of |
ba-kama samāʕkəmu ba-ʔəzani-kəmu 'as you heard with your ears' (LLA 336) |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey, be obedient |
ʔi-samʕu ḥəggo 'they did not obey his law' (LLA 337) |
| Reference |
LGz. 501 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
For Arabic and Accadian cf. other examples in the same shift. Cf. also Jewish Aramaic šmʕ 'to hear; to obey' (Sokoloff JPA 558). |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Arabic |
| Lexeme |
samiʕa |
| Meaning 1 |
'écouter, entendre quelque chose' |
samiʕtu lahu ṣawt-an
"'I heard him utter, or produce, a sound' [Lane 1527]" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
'écouter quelqu'un, lui obéir' |
ʔinnī ʔāmantu bi-rabb-i-kum fa-smaʕū-ni
"'I believe in your Lord, and do ye obey me' [Lane 1427]" |
| Reference |
BK I 1139 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Akkadian |
| Lexeme |
šemû |
| Meaning 1 |
'to hear, to listen' [CAD II 277] |
petâma ul i-šem-ma-a uznāja
"'my ears are open but cannot hear' [CAD II 277]" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
'to comply, to obey' [CAD II 277] |
mimma ša tašapparu annikīam ḳubītka ša-me-am eleʔi
"'whatever you may order, I, here, am able to obey your command' [CAD II 283]" |
| Reference |
CAD |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
German |
| Lexeme |
hören |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear, to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
auf j-n hören
"to obey to smn" |
| Reference |
Moskal'skaja (ed.) 2001 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also horchen 'to listen' and gehorchen 'to obey' |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Macedonian |
| Lexeme |
sluša |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear, to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Tolovski, Illič-Svityč 1963 468 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Latin |
| Lexeme |
audire |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
Saepe hoc majores natu dicere audivi.
"I used to hear it from elder people." |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey, pay attention to |
currus non audit habenas.
"chariot doesn't obey the reins." |
| Reference |
Glare |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also both meanings in derivative oboedire [ob + audire]. From oboedio are descended Italian ubbidire and obbedire, Friulian ubidî, Old French obeir (Modern French obéir). Old French > Anglo-Norman obeir, obeier > Middle English obeyen > Modern English obey. Spanish and Portugal obedecer from Vulgar Latin *oboedescere, present active infinitive of *oboedesceō, from Latin oboedire. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Archi |
| Lexeme |
oj ačas |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Kibrik et al. (eds.) 1977 287 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Chamalal |
| Lexeme |
woɬuk'la |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Magomedova 1999 110 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yakut |
| Lexeme |
ihit- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
истэрин истибитим
"I did hear him" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
балта убайын истэр
"The younger sister is listening to the elder brother" |
| Reference |
Anikin 2000 497 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ancient Greek |
| Lexeme |
ἀκούω |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
ἀκούει οὐδὲν οὐδεὶς οὐδενός
"Nobody is subject to no one not in one thing ( Euripides, Cyclops, 5.230)" |
| Reference |
LSJ 53-54 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also derivatives εἰσακούω, ἐσακούω, ἐπακούω, κατακούω, ὑπακούω with both meanings. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tuvan |
| Lexeme |
дыңна- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Tenišev 2008 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Even |
| Lexeme |
долдъ- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
SSTM 1, 214-215 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
The same in Evenki, Nanai, in Jurchen it is the derived verb that has meaning B. In Ulcha and Orok there is only meaning A, but there are derived words meaning 'obedient'. |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Gagauz |
| Lexeme |
sesle- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to heed (smn's advice) |
|
| Reference |
Gajdarži et al. 1973 413 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Nganasan |
| Lexeme |
дильситiси |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
NMS 436 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mandarin Chinese |
| Lexeme 1 |
tīng (听) |
| Lexeme 2 |
tīng |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
Tīng yīnyuè (听音乐)
"listen to music" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
Wǒ zuótiān qīn quàn quàn tā ya, tā háishì bù tīng (我昨天亲劝劝他呀, 他还是不听)
"I persuaded him three times yesterday, but he still does not obey" |
| Reference |
BKRS 14510 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Nahuatl |
| Lexeme |
caqui |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Derivation |
| Language |
Gugu-yimidjir |
| Lexeme 1 |
milga |
| Lexeme 2 |
milga-dhirr |
| Meaning 1 |
ear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obedient |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Sogdian |
| Lexeme |
ptγwš- |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
ESIJa 3, 248 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Turkish |
| Lexeme |
dinlemek |
| Meaning 1 |
listen to, hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Japanese |
| Lexeme |
kiku (聞く) |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
Karera wa sono nyūsu o kiite odoroita (彼らはそのニュースを聞いて驚いた)
"They were surprised to hear the news." |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
hito-no iu koto-o kikanai
"not to take other people into account, not to listen to other people's advice" |
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Koryak |
| Lexeme |
валомык |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Moll 1960 13 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Manchu |
| Lexeme |
donjibu- |
| Meaning 1 |
let someone hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Egyptian |
| Lexeme |
sdm |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Paamese |
| Lexeme |
loŋe |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kiribati |
| Lexeme |
oŋo taeka |
| Meaning 1 |
hear the word |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kaulong |
| Lexeme |
hul ßet |
| Meaning 1 |
hear under |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tamil |
| Lexeme |
kēḷ |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Finnish |
| Lexeme |
kuulla |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
kuulla huonosti
"hard to hear" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
kuulla vanhempiaan
"to obey the parents" |
| Reference |
Vahros, Ščerbakov 2007 282 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Haser 2000, 176 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Buru |
| Lexeme |
čaa-n |
| Meaning 1 |
hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
obey |
|
| Reference |
Haser 2000 176 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Maori |
| Lexeme |
whakarongo |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
MD |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
From rongo ' to hear, feel, smell, taste, perceive - used for all the senses except sight' |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Czech |
| Lexeme |
poslouchati |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Kopeckij 1976 2, 89 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Latin |
| Lexeme |
auscultare |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen (esp. attentively) |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Glare |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ancient Greek |
| Lexeme |
ἀΐω |
| Meaning 1 |
to perceive by the ear, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
LSJ |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ancient Greek |
| Lexeme |
ἀκροάομαι |
| Meaning 1 |
to hearken, to listen to, to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to attend to, to obey |
|
| Reference |
LSJ |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ancient Greek |
| Lexeme |
κλύω |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear, to give ear to, to attend to |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
“θυγατρὶ φίλῃ μάλα μὲν κλύον
"(they) obeyed their dear daughter" |
| Reference |
LSJ |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Derivation |
| Language |
Komi |
| Lexeme 1 |
кывзыны |
| Lexeme 2 |
кывзысьны |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
радио кывзыны
"listen to the radio" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
кывзысьны гырысьяслысь
"obey the elders" |
| Reference |
КомиРС |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mansi |
| Lexeme |
хӯнтлуӈкве |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Afanas'eva, Sobjanina 2012 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mari |
| Lexeme |
колышташ |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
шӱшпык мурым колышташ
"listen to nightingale singing" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
Тудын (Толян) ачаже уке. Мӧҥгыштӧ аважым ок колышт.
"Tolya has no father. At home, he does not obey his mother." |
| Reference |
Marij jylme muter |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Beja |
| Lexeme |
maasiw |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear, perceive |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to heed |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 347 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Beja |
| Lexeme |
sinaakir |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 347 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Greenlandic Inuit |
| Lexeme |
naala(k) |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 347 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tamang |
| Lexeme |
1ngjan-pa |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 347 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Bodoe |
| Lexeme |
zéi |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to follow advice |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 353 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Derivation |
| Language |
Russian |
| Lexeme 1 |
слушать (slušat') |
| Lexeme 2 |
слушаться (slušat'sja) |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Sweetser 1990 35 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Eastern Canadian Inuktitut |
| Lexeme |
naalak |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Vanhove 2008 347 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Pitjantjatjara |
| Lexeme |
kulini |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to heed |
|
| Reference |
Evans, Wilkins 2000 563 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Wik-Mungkan |
| Lexeme |
ngeeyan |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Evans, Wilkins 2000 567 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Lardil |
| Lexeme |
merri |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey, pay heed to |
|
| Reference |
Evans, Wilkins 2000 567 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kukatja |
| Lexeme |
kulila |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Evans, Wilkins 2000 569 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Pintupi-Luritja |
| Lexeme |
kulinu |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Evans, Wilkins 2000 569 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Hungarian |
| Lexeme |
hallgat |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
zeneszámot hallgatni
"to listen to a piece of music" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
nem hallgat senkire
"he does not obey anyone" |
| Reference |
Гальди 1974 284 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yaqui (Hiaki) |
| Lexeme |
hikkaha |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
Ne chuu'uta voemta hikkahak.
"I heard the dog barking" |
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
U ili o'ou a hikkahak.
"The little boy obeyed him." |
| Reference |
Dictionary Yaqui 46 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Udmurt |
| Lexeme |
кылзыны |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Kirillova 2008 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Abaza |
| Lexeme |
azdʒərʕʷra |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Tugov 1967 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Rapanui |
| Lexeme |
haka roŋo |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Colorado (Tsafiki) |
| Lexeme |
me'ra-no |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
— |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Bezhta |
| Lexeme |
энекзи йахъал |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 From Avar гӀенеккизе |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Zuni |
| Lexeme |
hatiyāw- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Embera |
| Lexeme |
ũ'rĩ- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yuwana (Hodï) |
| Lexeme |
ãku |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Cofán |
| Lexeme |
'paɲa-ɲe |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yagua |
| Lexeme |
tuwãču |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Waurá |
| Lexeme |
eteme |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Cavineña |
| Lexeme |
baka-ya |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Catuquina (Kanamarí) |
| Lexeme |
nĩka- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Chácobo |
| Lexeme |
nika- |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Avar |
| Lexeme |
гІен тІанде |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Andalal dialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Yaminahua |
| Lexeme |
nika-kĩ |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mocoví |
| Lexeme |
n-aʔʁa-yaʁan |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Chorote (Iyo'wujwa Chorote) |
| Lexeme |
-kyuwa |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Avar |
| Lexeme |
гӀенеккизе |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 East Gergebil and Salatav dialects |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Avar |
| Lexeme |
гӀинтӀамизе |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 East Gergebil and Salatav dialects |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Buyang |
| Lexeme |
ta.0 ŋu:i.33 |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Ecun dialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Botlikh |
| Lexeme |
гьантІукІа рикки |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Miarso dialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Tsudakhar Dargwa |
| Lexeme |
лехӀахъиж |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Tanty subdialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kumyk |
| Lexeme |
тынгламакъ |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Ter Bragun dialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Surin Khmer (Northern Khmer) |
| Lexeme |
sdap |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kanuri |
| Lexeme |
fàntə́ |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
World Loanword Database |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Lower Sorbian |
| Lexeme |
słuchaś |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Q'eqchi' |
| Lexeme |
ab'ink |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
IDS |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mamaindé (Northern Nambikwara) |
| Lexeme |
na'katagu |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Carling (ed.) 2017 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Mamaindé (Northern Nambikwara) |
| Lexeme |
nakani |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Carling (ed.) 2017 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 Latundê dialect |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kashinawa |
| Lexeme |
ninka |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Carling (ed.) 2017 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kichwa |
| Lexeme |
uyana |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
World Loanword Database |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Otomi |
| Lexeme |
o̲de |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
World Loanword Database |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
CLICS-3 |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Bulgarian |
| Lexeme |
слушам |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
слушам баща си
"to obey father" |
| Reference |
Bernštejn 1966 617 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Burmese |
| Lexeme |
nà |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey an order; listen to advice |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Burmrse |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also ná tʰaʊ̀̃ 'listen; obey or follow instructions' |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Ilocano |
| Lexeme |
dengngeg |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen, pay attention to; hence |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to heed, obey |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Ilocano |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Derivation |
| Language |
Indonesian |
| Lexeme 1 |
dengar |
| Lexeme 2 |
mendengarkan |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to listen to; to obey, comply with |
|
| Reference |
SEALang Indonesia |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
Also dengar-dengaran 'to like to listen', 'as if one hears something, to hear something vaguely, think one hears something', 'to listen to each other', 'to listen (to), obey' |
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Lao |
| Lexeme |
fáŋ |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Lao |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Shan |
| Lexeme |
tʰɔm2 |
| Meaning 1 |
to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Shan |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Vietnamese |
| Lexeme |
nghe |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
SEAlang Vietnamese |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Karaim |
| Lexeme |
тынъла- |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
KRPS 558 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Serbo-Croatian |
| Lexeme |
слушати (slȕšati) |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
Tolstoj 1957 885 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|
| Realization |
| Type |
Polysemy |
| Language |
Kurux |
| Lexeme |
mennā (meńj-) |
| Meaning 1 |
to hear / to listen |
|
| Direction |
→ |
|
| Meaning 2 |
to obey |
|
| Reference |
DEDR 502 |
| Related Languages |
|
| Comment |
|