The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

72 shifts found

[{"direction": "\u2192", "id": 172, "source": "puppy (of a dog)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "inexperienced", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 196, "source": "brave", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "tiger", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 293, "source": "\u003cinsect\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods; Animals. Insects", "target": "talkative person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 555, "source": "snake", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles", "target": "perfidious, crafty person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1081, "source": "ram", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "brave person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 1147, "source": "fox (Vulpes vulpes)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "cunning person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1307, "source": "blind", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities; Perception. Visual", "target": "mole (Talpa)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1311, "source": "magpie (Pica pica)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "talkative person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1314, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "glutton", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1332, "source": "bald", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities; Physical Properties", "target": "bald-coot (Fulica atra)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1394, "source": "donkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1493, "source": "donkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "stubborn person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1733, "source": "blind", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities; Perception. Visual", "target": "horse-fly (Tabanidae)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1897, "source": "wolf", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "cruel", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 2132, "source": "coward", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "cat", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2165, "source": "lion (Panthera leo)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "brave person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2182, "source": "leech", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "extortioner", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2235, "source": "common bullfinch", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 2507, "source": "\u003cbird\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "talkative person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2611, "source": "mute, dumb", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "animal", "target_tags": "Animals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2643, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "coward", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2679, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2735, "source": "bee", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods", "target": "industrious, diligent person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2762, "source": "rooster", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "brave person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2791, "source": "chameleon", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles", "target": "person who changes opinions", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3080, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "cunning person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3127, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "greedy", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3443, "source": "sheep", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "kind, good-hearted", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3909, "source": "hummingbird", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "lively person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3933, "source": "\u003chorned animal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "beautiful girl", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Beings. Age; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3953, "source": "animal", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 4349, "source": "tiger", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "cruel", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4455, "source": "immature fish", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals; Animals. Fish", "target": "inexperienced", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4456, "source": "unbroken horse", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "inexperienced", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4487, "source": "crane (Grus)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "scatterbrain", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4691, "source": "thrush", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "coward", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4755, "source": "fool", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5445, "source": "bull", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "arrogant", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5466, "source": "crocodile", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles", "target": "greedy", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5576, "source": "glutton", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "wolverine", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5649, "source": "violent", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "bear (Ursus)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5656, "source": "violent", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "wolf", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5663, "source": "bow-legged", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities; Physical Properties", "target": "bear (Ursus)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5678, "source": "monster (abnormal creature)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Evaluation", "target": "cruel", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5888, "source": "bat", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "poor, needy", "target_tags": "Human Qualities; Social Actions and Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6061, "source": "bear (Ursus)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "clumsy", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6062, "source": "novice", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "unbroken horse", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6127, "source": "calf (young cow or bull)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "duffer", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6201, "source": "blind", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities; Perception. Visual", "target": "Anguis fragilis", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6890, "source": "cow", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6916, "source": "turkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7011, "source": "snail / slug", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "sluggish, torpid person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7021, "source": "peacock", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "arrogant", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7149, "source": "beetle", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods", "target": "enthusiastic person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7154, "source": "dissolute", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "hybrid", "target_tags": "Animals; Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7451, "source": "dog", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "rude, impolite", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7490, "source": "whale", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7636, "source": "goose", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7659, "source": "goat", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "homosexual", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7678, "source": "magpie (Pica pica)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "scatterbrain", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7704, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "novice", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7822, "source": "fallow deer", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "brave", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7862, "source": "wolverine", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "lazy person", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8095, "source": "inexperienced", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "New Zealand fur seal", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8563, "source": "animal", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "cruel", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8734, "source": "fool", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "puffin", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8834, "source": "monkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "skilful, dexterous", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8995, "source": "bull", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "brave person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9206, "source": "wolf", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "expert, experienced", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9216, "source": "lamb", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals", "target": "humble", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9889, "source": "flea", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "suspicious", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10040, "source": "nestling, baby bird", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "inexperienced", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}]

ID	Meaning 1	Taxons 1	Direction	Meaning 2	Taxons 2
172	puppy (of a dog)	Animals; Baby Animals; Domestic Animals	→	inexperienced	Human Qualities
196	brave	Human Qualities	↔	tiger	Animals; Mammals
293	<insect>	Animals; Arthropods; Insects	→	talkative person	Human Qualities
555	snake	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles	→	perfidious, crafty person	Human Qualities
1081	ram	Animals; Mammals	→	brave person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
1147	fox (Vulpes vulpes)	Animals; Mammals	↔	cunning person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
1307	blind	Human Qualities; Visual	→	mole (Talpa)	Animals; Mammals
1311	magpie (Pica pica)	Animals; Birds	→	talkative person	Human Qualities
1314	<animal>	Animals	→	glutton	Human Qualities
1332	bald	Human Qualities; Physical Properties	→	bald-coot (Fulica atra)	Animals; Birds
1394	donkey	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
1493	donkey	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	stubborn person	Human Qualities
1733	blind	Human Qualities; Visual	→	horse-fly (Tabanidae)	Animals; Arthropods
1897	wolf	Animals; Mammals	→	cruel	Human Qualities
2132	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities	—	cat	Animals; Mammals
2165	lion (Panthera leo)	Animals; Mammals	→	brave person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
2182	leech	Animals; Invertebrates	→	extortioner	Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Qualities
2235	common bullfinch	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
2507	<bird>	Animals; Birds	↔	talkative person	Human Qualities
2611	mute, dumb	Human Qualities	→	animal	Animals
2643	<animal>	Animals	→	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities
2679	<animal>	Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
2735	bee	Animals; Arthropods	→	industrious, diligent person	Human Qualities
2762	rooster	Animals; Birds; Domestic Animals	→	brave person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
2791	chameleon	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles	→	person who changes opinions	Human Qualities
3080	<animal>	Animals	→	cunning person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
3127	<animal>	Animals	→	greedy	Human Qualities
3443	sheep	Animals; Domestic Animals; Mammals	→	kind, good-hearted	Human Qualities
3909	hummingbird	Animals; Birds	—	lively person	Human Qualities
3933	<horned animal>	Animals; Mammals	→	beautiful girl	Evaluation; Human Beings; Age; Human Qualities
3953	animal	Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
4349	tiger	Animals; Mammals	↔	cruel	Human Qualities
4455	immature fish	Animals; Baby Animals; Fish	→	inexperienced	Human Qualities
4456	unbroken horse	Animals; Domestic Animals	—	inexperienced	Human Qualities
4487	crane (Grus)	Animals; Birds	→	scatterbrain	Human Qualities
4691	thrush	Animals; Birds	→	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities
4755	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)	Animals; Birds
5445	bull	Animals; Mammals	→	arrogant	Human Qualities
5466	crocodile	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles	→	greedy	Human Qualities
5576	glutton	Human Qualities	→	wolverine	Animals; Mammals
5649	violent	Human Qualities	→	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals
5656	violent	Human Qualities	→	wolf	Animals; Mammals
5663	bow-legged	Human Qualities; Physical Properties	→	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals
5678	monster (abnormal creature)	Animals; Evaluation	→	cruel	Human Qualities
5888	bat	Animals; Mammals	→	poor, needy	Human Qualities; Social Actions and Relations
6061	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals	→	clumsy	Human Qualities
6062	novice	Human Qualities	→	unbroken horse	Animals; Domestic Animals
6127	calf (young cow or bull)	Animals; Baby Animals; Domestic Animals	→	duffer	Evaluation; Human Qualities
6201	blind	Human Qualities; Visual	→	Anguis fragilis	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles
6890	cow	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
6916	turkey	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
7011	snail / slug	Animals; Invertebrates	→	sluggish, torpid person	Human Qualities
7021	peacock	Animals; Birds	→	arrogant	Human Qualities
7149	beetle	Animals; Arthropods	→	enthusiastic person	Human Qualities
7154	dissolute	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	hybrid	Animals; Plants
7451	dog	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	rude, impolite	Human Qualities
7490	whale	Animals; Mammals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
7636	goose	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
7659	goat	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	homosexual	Human Qualities
7678	magpie (Pica pica)	Animals; Birds	→	scatterbrain	Human Qualities
7704	<animal>	Animals	→	novice	Human Qualities
7822	fallow deer	Animals; Mammals	→	brave	Human Qualities
7862	wolverine	Animals; Mammals	→	lazy person	Human Qualities
8095	inexperienced	Human Qualities	—	New Zealand fur seal	Animals; Mammals
8563	animal	Animals	→	cruel	Human Qualities
8734	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	puffin	Animals; Birds
8834	monkey	Animals; Mammals	→	skilful, dexterous	Human Qualities
8995	bull	Animals; Mammals	→	brave person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
9206	wolf	Animals; Mammals	→	expert, experienced	Human Qualities
9216	lamb	Animals; Baby Animals	→	humble	Human Qualities
9889	flea	Animals; Invertebrates	→	suspicious	Human Qualities
10040	nestling, baby bird	Animals; Baby Animals; Birds	→	inexperienced	Human Qualities