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Semantic Shifts
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Shift properties
Meaning 1
(body) side
(gun)powder
<animal>
<artiodactyl (even-toed animal)>
<artisan>
<bird>
<blood-sucking insect>
<clothes>
<crockery>
<disease>
<dish>
<fish>
<foot-wear>
<foreigner>
<fruit>
<furniture>
<going, walking>
<hat>
<honorific title>
<horned animal>
<insect>
<measure of weight>
<military rank>
<mushroom, fungus>
<musician>
<name of person>
<numeral>
<orthopteran>
<place name>
<plant (biol.)>
<pocket>
<profession>
<rural foot-wear>
<swimming bird>
<term of endearment, proper name>
<thorny plant>
<to treat with a sharp instrument>
<tree>
<unit of length>
<vessel>
<weapon>
<woman>
<wooden object>
<young animal>
a person who breaks rules
a person who hacks videogames
above
abundance
acerb, tart, harsh (taste or smell)
acorn
acrobat, equilibrist
act, deed
active
acute (of sound)
affair
age
ahead
aim, goal
air
albumen, white of an egg
alder-tree
algae
alike
alive
almond
alone
amazing
amber
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
ancestor
anger
angry
animal
animal yield
another
ant
antelope
any
apple
arc
armpit
army
arrow
ash (tree)
ashes
aspen
atheist
attack (n.)
attentive
August
aunt
aunt, father's sister
aunt, mother's sister
autumn
awl
babble-tube
back (body part)
back of the head
backbone
backwards
bad
bad weather
bad-smelling, stinking
bald
ball (n.)
barley
barrel
basket
bast, the layer under the bark
bastard
battle
bead
beak
bean
bear (Ursus)
beard
bearded man
beautiful
beaver (Castor fiber)
bed
bee
bee swarm
beech
beetle
before
beginning
behind
bell
bellows
belly
below
belt
bench
berry
big
bile, gall
birch
birch (Betula)
bird
bird cherry tree
bird Nectarinia gutturalis
birthmark
biscuit, cookie
bishop
bitter
black
black cloud
black grouse (Lyrurus)
blacksmith
blade
blind
blind alley
blood
blood vessel
blow
blue
blunt
board, plank
body
body part
bone
book (n.)
border
boredom
boring
boss
bottom
bottom of a dress
bow (weapon)
bow-string
bowel
bowels, intestine
box, container
boy
brain (cerebrum)
branch, twig
brand, stamp
brave
bread
breathing
brick (n.)
bride
bridge
brilliant, glaring
broken
brood, hatch
broom
brothel
brother
brown
brushwood
bud (of a flower)
bud (on a twig)
bug (Heteroptera)
bull
bullhead
burdock
burial
butterfly
buttock
button (on a dress)
calf of a leg
callus, corn
calm
camel
camp
can, to be able
candle
cartilage
cat
caterpillar
cattle
cauldron
cave
cavity, hollow
ceiling
cellar
centre
cereal
chaff
chain (n.)
chameleon
cheap
cheek
cheek-bone
cheerful
chest (body part)
chestnut
child
chin
chip
cholera
chopped billet
cigar
circle
citron
clasp, buckle
clay
clean (adj.)
clever
closed
clothes
cloud
cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus)
cloudy
clover
club (a weapon)
coal
coast
cockroach
coin
cold (adj.)
cold (n.)
colour
comb
comb (of a bird)
common, shared by several people
complex, complicated
condemned to death
cone (fruit)
conversation
corner
corpse
corral, enclosure for cattle
correct (adj.)
cotton
country, land
couple
court (of a sovereign)
cover, canopy
cover, lid
cow
coward
crane (Grus)
craw (of bird)
cricket (insect)
crime
criminal
crocodile
cross (n.)
crossroads
crow
crown (n.)
crown of the head
cuckoo
cucumber
cunning, sly
curly-headed
currant-bush
curved
custom, habit
cuttlefish
dandruff
danger
dark (adj.)
darkness
daughter
day
dead (adj.)
dead body
deaf
debt
deep
deer
dense, thick (liquid)
descendant
devil, satan
dew
diamond
difficult
direction
dirty
disease
distance
do not see
dock-tailed, tailless
dog
doll
donkey
doomsday
door
dragon
dragonfly
drama (theatre)
dream (during sleep)
drinking vessel
drone (n.)
drop (n.)
drug, medicine
drunk
dry
duck
duckweed
dust
eagle
eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)
ear
ear, spike (of a grain plant)
earlier
early
earring
earth
earth, soil
east
edge
eel (Anguilla anguilla)
egg
eggplant (Solanum melongena)
elbow
elder
elder (Sambucus)
elder brother
elephant
elm
empty
end
enemy
entirely
equal
ermine; stoat (Mustela erminea)
error
eternal
eunuch
evening
evil (adj.)
evil spirit
exact
exchange
expensive
extinct
eye
eyeball
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
fable
face
faeces
fairy tale
faith
falcon
false, untrue
fan palm (Pritchardia pacifica)
fang
far away
farmer
fast (n.)
fat (adj.)(of a person)
father
fearful, dreadful
feather
fellow traveller
female calf
fence
ferment
field
fine, powder-like
finger-ring
finger/toe
fire
fireplace
firewood
firm, solid
first
fish
fisherman
fishing float (bobber)
flank (body part)
flat (adj)
flat, even
flea
flexible
flower
flute
fly (n.)
foam
food
fool
foot
foot-wear
foot/leg
footprint, track
forbidden
ford
forehead
forelock
forest
fortress
foundation, basement
fourth
fox (Vulpes vulpes)
frankincense
free
free of charge
freedom
frequent
fresh
fresh (of water)
Friday
friend
frog
front part
frost
frozen
fruit
full
fun, gaiety
funnel
funny
garbage
garden
garlic (Allium sativum)
gate
generous with money
genuine, true
gilt
Gipsy, Gypsy
girl
glass (material)
gloomy
goal frame (sport)
goat
god
gold
goldsmith
good
good shooter
goose
grain, seed
grandchild
grandfather
grandmother
grandparent
granule
grass
greasy
greedy
green
grey
grey-haired
grief, sorrow
grown-up, adult
guest
guilt
hail
hair
hair (of animals)
hajji
half
hammer
hand
hand/arm
handle, gripe
happy
hard, solid
hare (Lepus)
harm, damage
hawk (Accipiter)
hawthorn
head
health
healthy
heap, pile
heart
heat
heathen, pagan
heavenly body
heavy (of weight)
hedgehog (Еrinaceus)
heel (of a foot)
height (of a person)
hell
hem (of a skirt)
hen
herald, messenger
herder, herdsman, shepherd
here
hermit
herring
high (location)
hill
hippopotamus
history
hoar-frost
hoe
honest
honey
honour
hoof
hook
hoop
horn
hornbeam
horned
horse (Equus caballus)
horseman, rider
hot
hour
house
human temper, character
hummingbird
hump (of a person or camel)
hungry
hunt (n.), hunting
hunt down
hunter
husband
husband's father
hyena
ice
ill, sick, not well
image
immature fish
in front of
in the standing position
inflated
inhabitant
inland
inner side of hide
innocent
insane
insect
inside
insolent
instrument, tool
intact
interest
iron
jackal
jaw
jerboa
jester
Jesuit
jewelry, precious thing
Jewish
joint, articulation
juice
jumper
juniper (Juniperus)
Jupiter
key (of a door)
kidney
kind, good-hearted
knee
knife
knot
knowledge
lame person
land (vs. sea)
lap
last
late
lazy
lead, plumbum
leaf
lean
leech
leek
left
length
lenten (fare)
lentil (Lens culinaris)
letter (character)
life
ligament (anat.)
light (n.)
light (of colour)
light (of weight)
lightning
line
lion (Panthera leo)
lip
liquid (adj.)
literally
little finger
little, small
liver
loach (fish, Misgurnus)
lock
loins
lonely person
long (period of time)
long (size)
long ago
long stick
long-armed
look (n.)
lord
lot
lotus
loud
louse
low (location)
low (size)
lower part
lung
magpie (Pica pica)
maize
man
man with a big moustache
mane
mango
mangy, scabby
manufacturer, producer
many
maple
market
marrow
Mars
marten
mask
mat
meadow-sweet
meaningless
meat
meek
melancholy, depression
melody, tune
melon (Cucumis melo)
memory
mental hospital
merchant
Mercury
messenger
metal
middle
midnight
milk
mind (n.)
miracle
mirror
misfortune
missing, failing
mobile
moisture
mold, fungus (?)
mole (Talpa)
monarch
Monday
monk
monkey
moon
moose
more quickly
morning
mortal
mosquito, gnat
moss
mother
mountain
mouse
moustache
mouth
mud
muddy, turbid (of water) (?)
mule
muscle
mushroom
mute
muzzle
nail (body part)
naked, bare
name
nameless
nap, shag (of a carpet)
narrow
narrow, close
nature
navel
navy
near
necessary
neck
needle
needle-leaved forest
neighbour
nest (n.)
nestling, baby bird
net, toils, network
nettle (Urtica)
new
news
next
night
night-blindness
noble
noise
noon
North
nose
nostril
NOT, <negation particle>
now
numerous
nut, hazel
oak
oar
oats
ocean
ochre
official (n.)
offspring
oil (food)
old (vs. new)
old (vs. young)
old man
old woman
olive (Olea europaea)
omen
one (unit)
onion
only, just
open (adj.)
opening, hole
opposite
orphan
other
otter (Lutra lutra)
outwards
overcoat
owl
owner
owre, buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
ox
page
pain
paint, dye (n.)
pair of compasses
palace
palate
palm (body part)
paper
part
patch
paw
pawn (in chess)
pea
peach
pear
pelican (Pelecanus)
penis
people, nation
perch (Perca fluviatilis)
period of time
person
person of small stature
piece
pig (Sus scrofa)
pigeon (Columba)
pillow
pilot sucker
pimple
pine-tree
pink
pit
place
plait, braid
plant (biol.)
pleasure
plough, ard
plum
poet
poetry
poison
poisonous
police officer
pomegranate
poor
poplar (Populus alba)
poppy (Papaver somniferum)
pot
potato
power, authority
powerless
precipice, abyss
pregnant
present, gift
price
priest (Christianity)
prison
proud
pumpkin
puppy (of a dog)
pure
pus
push button
queen
quick
quiet (vs. loud)
quince
rag, duster (?)
rain
ram
Ranunculus
rare
raspberry
raven
ravine
raw
ray
ready
red
reed
reflection (in the mirror, water)
resin; pitch, tar
resurrection
revenge
rhinoceros
rhombus
rib
rice
rich
right (vs. left)
ring
river
road
robbery
rock
rolling-pin
room
rooster
root (of a plant)
root vegetable
rope, string, cord, lashing
rotten
rough, uneven
round (adj.)
rowan
runner
rural
rush (plant)
Russian
rust (n.)
rusty
rye (Secale)
sack, bag
sad
saddle
saffron (Crocus sativus)
sail (n.)
salt
salty
sand
sated by food
satiated, full
Saturday
Saturn
saw
scales, weighing machine
scanty, not numerous
scorpion
sea
seagull
seat, chair
second (adj.)
sediment
seed (n.)
separate (adj.)
serious, thoughful
servant
shadberry
shadow
shadow theatre
shahada
shallow
shame
shape, form
shapeless
shark
sharp
sharp point
sheath
sheep
sheet of paper
shell
shepherd
shield
shine (n.)
ship, vessel
shoal
shooter
short (size)
short for "good game"
short, brief
shoulder
shoulder-blade, scapula
shout, scream
shrimp, prawn
shuttle (weaving instrument)
side (n.)
sieve (n.)
sign, designation
silent
silver
simple
simultaneously
sin
single-eyed
sizing tool
skilful, dexterous
skill
skin (of a person)
skin (of an animal)
skirt
skull
sky
sleeping
sleeve
slow (adj.)
smell
smoke
smooth
snail
snake
snow
snowball tree, guelder-rose, viburnum
soaked in sauce
sod (stratum of soil)
soft (adj.)
soldier
sole, unique
son
son-in-law
soon
soot
soul
sound
sour
south
space
spade, shovel
spark
sparrow
sparse
spawn, roe
spear
sphere; ball
spicy
spike
spindle
spirit
spleen (anat.)
spool
spoon
spot, stain
spotted
spring (season)
spring, fountain
spruce (Picea)
square (geometrical)
square (of a town)
squint-eyed
squirrel (Sciurus)
stable
stairs
stamen
stammerer
standart-bearer
star
steam
steep
stem (of a plant)
stench
step (of a staircase, step-ladder)
step, pace
stepson
stick (n.)
sticky
still
stinger (of an insect)
stomach
stone (of a fruit)
stone, rock
stop, stand (n.)
stopper, plug
storehouse; depo
storm
story
stove
straight
stranger, foreign
straw
street
strength
string (of a musical instrument)
strong
strong (of liquid or smell)
stump (of tree)
stupid
sty (on the eye)
substance
sudden
suddenly
suffocation
summer
sun
Sunday
sunflower
swallow (bird)
swamp
sweat
sweet (taste)
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
sweet-smelling, fragrant
swelling (on skin)
sword
syllable
table; desk
Tahitian chestnut (Inocarpus fagifer)
tail
tail fat (of sheep)
tailor's thimble
talkative person
tall
tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
tambourine
taro (Colocasia esculenta)
taste
taste (n.)
tasteless
tasty
tea
teacher
ten thousand
term of address to a married woman
Thai crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia floribunda)
there
thick
thick (of a growth, hair)
thief
thigh / hip
thin (of an object)
thing
third
thorn
thread
threshold
throat
thrush
thunder
thus
tick (Acarina)
tiger
tight, taut
time
to accompany (music)
to accuse, blame
to ache
to add
to adorn, decorate
to anchor
to answer
to approach suddenly
to approach, come near
to arrange into a line
to ask (for)
to ask, inquire
to attack
to awaken
to baptize, christen
to bark (of a dog)
to be angry
to be ashamed
to be at war
to be awake
to be born
to be busy, to act
to be carried out
to be eager
to be engaged in commerce
to be enough
to be extinguished (light)
to be friends
to be glad
to be guilty
to be in a hurry
to be in time
to be inclined
to be jealous
to be keen of
to be on good terms (with)
to be separated
to be surprised
to be, exist
to beat, hit
to become
to become curved
to become deaf
to become dumb
to become infected
to become visible
to begin (tr.)
to believe
to bend
to bend, bow (intr.)
to bind
to bind to
to bite
to blink (by eyes)
to blossom
to blow
to blow off
to boil (intr.)
to braid, plait, weave
to break (intr.)
to break (tr.)
to breathe
to breathe heavily
to bridle
to bring
to build
to burn (intr.)
to burn (tr.)
to burst, break
to bury
to buy
to cackle, to cluck
to calculate, count
to call (somebody), to call for
to calm down
to care for, look after
to carry
to carry out
to cast out
to castrate, geld
to catch
to catch fire
to catch up
to cause to want, desire
to change (tr.)
to change money
to charm, to delight
to check, test
to chew
to choke
to choose
to clean
to clench fist
to close one's eyes
to come
to compare
to conjure
to contain
to cook (prepare food)
to cool down (intr.)
to copulate
to correct
to cough
to cover
to crackle
to crawl
to creak
to croak
to cry (of animals)
to cut
to cut (tr.)
to dance
to dawn
to deceive
to decline from the route
to defecate
to defend
to dense
to deprive
to destroy
to die
to dig
to dilute
to diminish
to disappear
to disdain
to dislocate (of a joint)
to dissolve in liquid (tr.)
to dive
to divide into several parts
to do
to do wrong, to commit a fault, to behave in a wrong way
to doubt
to drag
to draw water
to draw, paint
to dream while sleeping
to drill
to drink
to drive, to force to move on
to drop (of liquid)
to drop (tr.)
to dye
to eat
to emit smoke
to encircle
to end
to endure
to enjoy
to enter
to envy
to equalize
to err, be wrong
to explain
to extinguish
to fall asleep
to fall down
to fear
to feed
to feel
to feel hunger
to feel pity
to feel thirsty
to fence
to fight, scuffle
to fill (tr.)
to find
to finish
to fire (of a weapon)
to fish
to float
to flow
to fly
to fly away
to forget
to forgive
to freeze, to be cold
to gamble
to gather in the crops
to get accustomed
to get dry
to get mouldy (musty)
to get stuck
to get tired
to get wet
to get, obtain
to give
to give birth
to glorify
to gnaw
to go after smb.
to go apart, in various directions
to go around
to go away
to go down
to go mad
to go out
to go up
to go upstream
to go, walk
to grasp, seize
to greet
to grow (plants)
to grow numb
to grow up
to guess
to hang
to harness
to hate, to dislike
to have
to hear
to hear / to listen
to heat up
to hew
to hide (tr.)
to hinder
to hiss
to hit the target
to hold (in hands)
to hope
to howl
to hunt
to inhabit, live
to insert
to intend
to intoxicate
to itch
to join together (tr.)
to judge
to kick
to kill
to kiss
to knead
to knock
to knock down
to know
to know how, to be able
to lead
to lean on/against
to leave
to leave behind
to lengthen
to let
to let go
to let, leave
to lick
to lie (posture)
to lie down
to light, to kindle (the fire)
to listen
to live
to load
to look
to look asquint
to look inside
to lose
to lose one's way
to love
to lower, put down
to make a hole
to make alive, to give life
to make big, large
to make black
to make common, shared by several people
to make empty
to make hard
to make noise
to make sausage
to make scratches
to make sit
to make stand
to marry
to measure
to meet
to meet (each other)
to melt, to thaw
to milk
to mill
to miss somebogy, to long for
to miss the target
to mix, stir
to move
to move away
to move quickly
to move, to shift, to transfer
to nail
to name
to neigh
to nomadize
to open (tr.)
to overflow
to pass by
to pay
to peck (of a bird)
to penetrate, get into
to pierce
to pinch
to play (a musical instrument)
to play (intr.)
to plough
to point
to poke, thrust
to possess
to pour
to precede, come first
to present, gift
to press down
to prohibit
to promise
to prop up
to prove, to argue
to pull hair
to pull up (a plant)
to pull, to draw
to pursue
to push
to put
to put into
to put into the ground
to put on
to put out
to put shoes on
to quarrel
to raise, lift (tr.)
to reach
to read
to refuse
to regret
to rein in
to relieve
to remain, stay
to remember
to remind
to repeat
to respect
to rest
to result in
to return (intr.)
to return (tr.)
to revere
to ride (e.g., a horse)
to ride a surfboard
to ripen
to rise (of heavenly bodies)
to rivet
to roast
to rotate (tr.)
to row (with oars)
to rub
to run
to run out (of smth)
to sail
to sail into harbour
to salt
to saw
to scratch (when itches)
to scratch (with nails)
to search, to look for
to see/to look at
to seem
to sell
to separate
to set (of heavenly bodies)
to sew
to shake
to shake off
to shave
to shear
to shed leaves
to shine
to shine, glitter
to shoot
to shout
to show (tr.)
to shrink
to shut, to close
to sing
to sink (tr.)
to sink into
to sit
to sit down
to slaughter (cattle)
to sleep
to slide
to slip
to slow, linger
to smear, anoint
to smell (of smth)
to smell, scent
to smile
to smooth
to soil, make dirty
to sow
to speak
to spell
to spit
to spoil
to spoil (intr.)
to spring, jump
to sprinkle
to squeak
to stand
to stand up
to steal
to step on
to stick (to a surface), to adhere
to sting
to stink
to stop (tr.)
to strain
to strew
to stumble
to suffer
to suffer from hunger
to surround
to swallow
to sway
to swear (an oath)
to sweat
to sweep
to swell up
to swim
to take
to take off
to take out
to take prisoner
to tame
to tan (hides)
to taste
to teach
to tear off, peel off
to tear, rend
to tell
to tell a person's fortune
to temper (iron)
to think
to threaten
to throw
to thrust (into)
to tickle
to tie
to tin
to touch
to transit
to tread
to tremble
to try, to attempt
to turn back to look at smth.
to turn over
to turn round
to turn sour
to turn, rotate (intr.)
to turn, rotate (tr.)
to understand
to undress
to unfold
to unload, download
to untie, unbind
to unwind
to use
to vomit
to wait
to wake up (intr.)
to walk, to go
to walk, wander
to want
to warm up
to wash
to watch, look after
to water (plants)
to water, to give water
to wave (of water)
to weaken (intr.)
to weaken, loosen
to weigh (intr.)
to wet, moisten
to whet
to win
to work
to worry, be agitated
to wound (tr.)
to write
toad
tobacco
together
tongue (body part)
tooth
top
top of the head
top/crown (of a tree)
tortoise, turtle
touched
tower
toy
transparent
transversal, crosscut
tree
tribe
trick, hocus-pocus
troop (of animals)
trough
truffle
trumpet
trunk (body part)
trunk (of a tree)
trunk, proboscis (of elephant)
truth
tube, pipe
tuber
tuberculosis
turbid
turmeric (Curcuma)
turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa)
two
ugly, unpleasant
umbrella
unbroken horse
uncle
uncle (father's brother)
uncle (mother's brother)
under age
underground, subterranean
underwear
unhappy
uninhabited place
unpleasant
unripe (fruit)
urban
urine
vagina
vehicle
Venus
vessel
vinegar
vocation
voice
vulture
warm
warp
water
water-melon (Cucurbita citrullus)
wave
wax
weak
weasel (Mustella nivalis)
weather
weed
weft, woof
well-being
west
wet
whale
wheel
when
whirlpool
whisper
white
wide, broad
width
wife
wild, untamed
willow
wind
wine
wing
winter
wire (n.)
witch, sorceress
with exception of
witness
wizard, magician
wolf (Canis lupus)
woman
womb
wood, timber
wood-louse
wooden object
woodland spirit
word
work (n.)
world
worm
wound (n.)
wrist
yam (Dioscorea)
yard, courtyard
year
yellow
yesterday
yew
yoke
yolk
young
young man
younger brother
younger sibling
younger sister
zebra
Meaning 2
<berry>
<bird>
<capricorn beetle>
<clothes>
<cold steel>
<colour>
<disease>
<ethnic group>
<exclamation of sorrow, pain and surprise>
<expletive>
<expression of anger>
<female animal>
<fish>
<foreigner>
<insect>
<measure of volume>
<military rank>
<money>
<mushroom, fungus>
<negative evaluation>
<office>
<orthopteran>
<plant (biol.)>
<pocket>
<positive evaluation>
<priest>
<salmon>
<small artifact>
<sturgeon>
<term of address to a man>
<term of address to a woman>
<term of respectful address among equals>
<thorny plant>
<unit of length>
<waterfowl>
<weapon>
<young plant>
a person who breaks rules
a person who hacks videogames
a signal of a bad outcome
abberation of mind
abies (Abies)
ability
about
abscess
abstinent (from alcohol)
accident
accomplice
according to
ace (in cards)
ace (playing card)
acerb, tart, harsh (taste or smell)
aconite
acorn
active
acute (of sound)
Adam's apple
additional
aër (veil covering vessels in the Orthodox Church)
aesthetic perception
affair
after
again
age
ahead
aim, goal
air
albugo, wall-eye
alder
almost
Aloe vera (plant)
already
although
amazing
ambush
American
ancestor
anchor
anemone (Anemone)
angel
anger
angry
animal
ankle
annoying
ant
anthrax
any
apartment, flat
appearance; look
appetite
approximately
April
Arctic fox
Arctic raspberry (Rubus arcticus)
armpit
army
aroma
arrow
arterial
ash (tree)
aspen
attack of disease
attentive
autumn
away
awl
axe
back (body part)
back of the axe head
back of the head
bad
bad (ethically)
bad luck
bad person
bad weather
badger (Meles)
bald
bald spot
bald-coot (Fulica atra)
bank, shore
barbel
barberry
bare (feet)
bark (of a tree)
barrel (of a gun)
barren (of animals)
base for beheading
basis
basket
bass, low-pitched voice
bast, the layer under the bark
bastard
bat (Microchiroptera)
battering-ram
battle
beak
beam
bean
bear (Ursus)
beautiful
beaver (Castor fiber)
because of
bed
bed-clothes
bedbug (Cimex lectularius)
bee swarm
beech
beehive
beet (Beta vulgaris)
beetle
before
beginning
behaviour
behind
belemnite
bellflower (Campanula)
belly
belt
bend (of a river)
benefit
berry
best
betrothal, engagement
better
big
bile, gall
birch (Betula)
birch bolete (Leccinum scabrum)
bird
bird cherry tree
birthmark
bishop (chess)
bit (part of horse harness)
bitter
bitterling
bittern (Botaurus)
black
black cloud
black radish - ???
blackberry
blackthorn
blade
blind
blizzard
blood
blood vessel
blue
blunt
body
body part
Boletus edulis
bone
book back
border
boring
boss
bothering
bottle
bottom
bourrache (Borago)
bow (weapon)
bow-string
bowels, intestine
boy
bracelet
brain (cerebrum)
bran
branch (of a river)
branch, twig
brave
brave person
brawler, fighter
bread
breed
bribe
bride
bridegroom
bridge
brief
broth
brown
bruise
buckthorn (Frangula)
buckwheat
bud (of a flower)
bud (on a twig)
bug (Heteroptera)
bulb (of plant)
bullet
bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)
bullhead
bully
burner
bush, shrub
but, however
butt of the rifle
butterfly
buttock
by heart
byte
caecum (intestinum)
calf of a leg
calm
can, to be able
cannon (weapon)
cap peak
cape
captive
carabus (Carabus)
cartilage
case (grammar)
caste
castor bean (Ricinus communis)
cat
cat's-foot (Antennaria)
caterpillar
caterpillar track
catkin
catnip (Nepeta cataria)
cattle
caul, amniotic sac
cause; reason
cautious
cavity, hollow
ceiling
celebrity
cell (of a political party, organization)
Centaurea cyanus
centre
chaff
chain (n.)
chanterelle
chapter (of a book)
charger, cartridge clip
charr (Salvelinus)
chatter, idle talk
cheap
cheek
cheerful
cheerful mood
chest (body part)
chestnut
child
child before baptism
children
chill (disease)
chin
chord (geometry)
chord (music)
chrysalis
cigarette end
cinema
circular halo
clandestine activity
classical
clavicle
claw
clay
clean (adj.)
clever
clew
close (of relations)
closed
clothes
cloud
cloudy
clove (of a garlic)
clove, segment
club (a weapon)
clubs (in cards)
clumsy
cluster, bunch
coast
cock (of a gun)
cockroach
coffin
coin
cold (adj.)
collar
colour
columbine (Aquilegia)
comb
comet
comfortable
commerce, business
commodity, goods
common buttercup (Ranunculus acris)
common melilot (Melilotus officinalis)
compass (mariners' directional tool)
competent
completion
complexion
compliant, pliable
comprehensible
computer mouse
cone (fruit)
conscience
consequence
contemptible
continent
contract
copper
core (of plant)
cornel
corner
cornflower (Centaurea)
corpse
correct (adj.)
country, land
courage
court (of a sovereign)
cover (of a book)
cover, lid
coward
cradle
cranberry (Oxycoccus)
craw (of bird)
cream (of milk)
creditor
criminal
crocodile
crossbill (Loxia)
crossroads
crow
crowd (of people)
crown of the head
crucian
cruel
cuckold
cultivated
cunning person
cunning, sly
cupola, dome
custom, habit
dance (n.)
dandelion (Taraxacum)
danger
dangerous
dark (adj.)
dark blue
dark-skinned
date (Phoenix dactylifera)
daughter
daughter-in-law
day
daydream (n.)
dead (adj.)
deadlock
deaf
death
deceased
deck (of a ship)
deep
deer
defect
defender
delicate, subtle (person, question etc.)
dense (forest)
dense, thick (liquid)
deprived of, lacking
descendant
desert (n.)
destined to produce
destiny
detailed, thorough
devil, satan
dew
diamonds (in cards)
diaphragm
difficult
dimple
dinner fork
direction
directly
dirty
disease
disgrace
disgusting
dishonest
disorder, mess
dispute, discussion
distance
distilled alcohol
distressing event
doctor (medical)
document (n.)
dog-rose
doll
domestic (animal)
donut
door-post
dough
downriver
dowry
dragon
dragonfly
drama (theatre)
draught animal
drinking vessel
drug, medicine
drunk
drunkard
dry (wine)
dung
dust
duty, responsibility
eagle
ear
ear, spike (of a grain plant)
earth
east
eater
eclipse
edge
eel (Anguilla anguilla)
effeminate
egg
eggplant (Solanum melongena)
elbow
elder
elder (Sambucus)
elder brother
elder sister
electric lamp
electricity
elephant
elm
elm (Ulmus)
eminent man
emotionless
empty
end
ending (in grammar)
enemy
Englishman
enough
entire
environment
epidemic
equal
ernest, grave
error
essence
esteemed, venerable
ethnic group
european kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
event, occurrence
evident
evil (adj.)
evil eye
evil spirit
exactly
expensive
experienced
extortioner
eye
eye of typhoon
eye socket
eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis)
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
face
faeces
falcon
false
false, untrue
false, wrong
fame
family
fanatic
fang
fantastic monster
far away
farmer
fascicle (cluster of flowers or berries)
fast (n.)
fat (adj.)(of a person)
father
father-in-law
fatless
fearful, dreadful
feast
feather
feathering
female servant, maid
ferment, leaven
fertile (soil)
fever
fibula (anat.)
figuratively
figure, stature
fin
fine, powder-like
finger-ring
finger/toe
fire
fire-arms
firefly
firewood
firm, solid
first
five
five-finger (Potentilla)
flank (military)
flat (adj)
flea
flexible
floor (vs. ceiling)
flower
flute
fly (n.)
fly agaric (Amanita muscaria)
foam
food
fool
foot/leg
footprint, track
forehead
foreign
forest
forget-me-not (flower)
fortress
foster-father
founder
fox (Vulpes vulpes)
foxglove (Digitalis L.)
frank
fraudster
freak, oddity
freckle
free of charge
fresh
fresh (of water)
Friday
fried eggs
friend
friendly, amicable
frivolous
frog
front (during the war)
front part
frost
fruit pulp
full stop
funny
furious
furnace
future
garbage
garden bed
garlic-scented agaric (Marasmius scorodonius)
gas
gay
generation
genitalia
genuine, true
geometrid
giant
gills
giraffe
girl
glad
glass (material)
glaucoma
gloomy
glutton
goal (sport result)
god
gold
goldcrest
goldfinch (Carduelis)
good
good shooter
good weather
gooseberry
grain, seed
grandchild
grandfather
grandmother
grass
grasshopper (Tettigonioidea)
gratuity
great
great bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum)
greediness
greedy
green
grey
grey hair
grimace
group of men
grown-up, adult
guava (Psidium guajava)
guileful, crafty person
guilty
gulf
gum, gingiva
habit
hail
hair
hair (of animals)
half
handful
handle, gripe
handwriting
happiness, luck
happy
hard, solid
hare (Lepus)
harrow
harvest
hatched egg without embryo
having no milk
hawkweed (Hieracium)
haystack
hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia)
head
heading, title
headlight (of a car)
headstream
health
healthy
hearing
heart
hearts (in cards)
heavy (of weight)
hedgehog (Еrinaceus)
heel (of a shoe)
height (of a person)
hell
helmet
help, aid (n.)
hemorrhoids
henbane
hepatitis
herald
herd
heron
heterosexual
high-pitched
hill
history
hoar-frost
hoarse
honest
honey
honey mushroom (Armillaria mellea)
honeycomb
honeysuckle
honour
hood (of car)
hoof
hooligan
hoopoe (Upupa epops)
horse (Equus caballus)
horse-fly (Tabanidae)
horsetail
hose
hostile
hot
hot-tempered
hour
house
house spirit
human temper, character
hummel, hornless
hump (of a person or camel)
humpbacked
hungry
husband
hyena
hypocrite, dissembler
hypotenuse
I
ice
ice-crusted ground
idle
idler, loafer
if
ignorant
ill, sick, not well
illegal
illiterate
immediately
implement for ramming
impolite
important
importunate
impudence
in addition to
in vain
inclination to smth
incomprehensible
index finger
indifferent
industrious, diligent person
inert, passive
inevitable
inexperienced
infertile (soil)
inflammation
influential person
influential, person of consequence
informer
inheritance
innocent
insane
insect
inside
insolent
instant, moment
instead of
instrument, tool
insulting
intact
intensive
interest (finance)
interval
intestinal worm
intrigue
iron
iron (for pressing clothes)
island
it's a pity
Jack (playing card)
jackal
jackdaw (Corvus monedula)
Japanese
jaw
jerboa
jewel, precious stone
joiner; cabinetmaker
joke
journal, magazine
Jupiter
keel
keen (of senses)
kidney
kind (n.)
kind, good-hearted
kindergarten
king (a playing card)
kinship
knee
knee-pan
knight (chess)
knot
lady's slipper (Cypripedium)
ladybird
lake
lame person
lamprey (Petromyzontidae)
land (vs. sea)
language
lapwing (Vanellus)
larch
large quantity
larva
last
late
latitude
lavish
layer
laziness
lazy
leaf
leafy tops of root vegetables
lean
left
lenient
lens
lenten (fare)
leper
leprosy
letter (character)
letter (text)
lier
life
lifting machine
light (of colour)
light-headed
lightning
limit
lion (Panthera leo)
liquid
listener
little baby
little finger
little, small
lively person
liver
lizard
loach (fish, Misgurnus)
location of emotions
lock (n.)
log
loins
long (period of time)
long (size)
long ago
long-fibred flax (Linum usitatissimum)
longitude
look (n.)
loop
lose weight
loud
love
lovely
lover
low (size)
lower part
lumpen
lung
Lycoperdon
macereed (Typha)
magic
main
maize
male (animal)
man
mandrel (technology)
mane
manner, way
many
many-coloured, motley
maple
maple (Acer)
marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata)
mark, grade (at school)
married
marrow
Mars
martyr
match
matchmaker
mattress
may, to be allowed
meal (process)
meaning, sense
meat
meat jelly
medlar
medusa, jellyfish
meek
melody, tune
melon (Cucumis melo)
member
memory
menstruation
merchant
mercury
mesentery
metalworker
meteor shower
middle
middle finger
milk
milk-tooth, deciduous tooth
Milky Way
millerbird (Acrocephalus etc.)
millstone
milt (of fish)
mind (n.)
minnow
mint (Mentha)
minute
miracle
mirror
mirror (website)
mirror carp
misfortune
missing, failing
mist, fog
mistress
moderate
molar (tooth)
mold, fungus (?)
mole (Talpa)
mole cricket (Gryllotalpa)
monarch
monastery
Monday
money
monk
monster
month
mood
moon
moose
morning
mosquito, gnat
moss
most probably
moth
mother
mother-in-law
motherland
motionless
mould
mountain
mountain foot
mountain pass
mountain ridge, edge
mountain slope
mouse
moustache
mouth
mouth (of a river)
multitude, great number
murderer
murine rodent
muscle
mushroom
music
musk-deer (Moschus moschiferus)
must
mute
muzzle
nail (metal spike)
nail-head
naked, bare
narrow
native
native land
navel
near
necessary
neck
neck (of bottle etc.)
needle
nephew
nettle (Urtica)
nettle-rash
new
news
newspaper hoax
next
niece
nipple (part of the breast)
noble
noise
normal
North
northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
nose
nostril
not long
not strong (of liquid or smell)
novice
now
nucleus (in physics)
numerous
nut, hazel
oak
oar
oath
oats
observer
obstinate
of high rank
offspring
oil (food)
oil particle
old (vs. new)
old (vs. young)
old man
old woman
on the outside
one piece (at counting)
one time, once
only, just
opening, hole
opinion
opossum
opportunity
opposite
order
oregano
origin (n.)
original
osprey (Pandion haliaёtus)
ostrich
other
other`s
otter (Lutra lutra)
outbuilding
owl
own (of a relative)
owner
pacemaker (running)
pack of cards
page
pain
pair
palace
palate
pale
paper
parachute
paralyzed
parents
part
party, soiree
passageway
passion (in game)
passionate
pawn (in chess)
payment
peace
peak of mountain
pear
pedestal
pedestrian crossing
peephole
peer
pelican (Pelecanus)
pelvis
pencil
penis
people (pl.)
people, nation
pepperwort
perfect person
perfume, scent
persistent
person
petroleum, oil
phantom, ghost
physician
pickaxe
pig (Sus scrofa)
pigeon (Columba)
pig`s snout
pike (fish)
pillar
pine-tree
pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
pip (disease of birds)
place
plaice (fish)
plait, braid
plant (biol.)
plantain (Plantago)
platan
plateau
playing cards
pleasant
plot
plot of land
plough, ard
plum
pod
poetry
pointer, head (of a clock)
poison
poisonous
pole
pole (geographical)
polecat, ferret (Mustela putorius)
police officer
polite
political party
pollen
pondweed
poor
poplar (Populus alba)
pot
potato
pottery fragment
poverty
power, authority
precipice, abyss
predator
pregnant
price
pride
priest (Christianity)
prison
probable
profession
profit, gain (n.)
profligate, womanizer
property, possessions
prose
prosperity
protection, patronage
protein
proud
puffball
pumpkin
pungent (odour)
punishment
pupa
pupil (of an eye)
puppet, lay figure
pure
push button
quarrel
queen
queen (bee)
queen (playing card)
queue
quick
quiet (vs. loud)
quinsy
quiver
rabid
rain
rainbow
ram
rapids
rare
rash, eruption
rat (Rattus)
raven
ravine
raw
ray
rear end
recent
recently
red
reed (in loom)
reflection (in the mirror, water)
relative (n.)
resin; pitch, tar
respect (n.)
result, outcome
revenge
reverse side of a coin
rheumatic fever
rheumatism
rhinoceros
rhombus
rib (part of a ship’s framework)
rich
riddle
right (vs. left)
right side
ring finger
river
river-bed
road
rock
roof
rooster
root (arithmetic)
root (of a plant)
root of equation
root of tooth
rope, string, cord, lashing
rough, uneven
round object
rowan
ruby (stone)
rudder (of a boat)
rude, impolite
ruff (Acerina cernua)
rule, regulations
rumour
rust (n.)
sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus)
sad
saddleback
sail (n.)
saint
Saint-John's-wort (Hypericum)
salary
salient part, ledge
salty
sap (of a plant)
sapling
sarcastic
saturated (of colour)
saturated (with something)
Saturday
Saturn
sausage
sawdust
scandal
scar
scarf
scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)
scatterbrain
scorpion
scoundrel
screw, screw-bolt
scrotum
sea
seahorse (Hippocampus)
seal (animal)
season (of the year)
second (adj.)
second (measure of time)
secret
secret (n)
secret; covert
sediment
self
sense of smell
sense, perception
sensitive
sentence (by a court)
separately
servant
service, good turn
severe
severe (about pain)
shadow
shallow
shaman
shaman hand drum
share; stock
shark
sharp point
sheaf
sheep
sheet of paper
shepherd's pipe (musical instrument)
shield
shinbone
ship, vessel
shoal
shop
short person
shortly
should
shoulder-blade, scapula
shower head
shuttle (in a sewing machine)
shuttle (weaving instrument)
shy
Siberian cedar (kedar)
Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica)
side (n.)
sigh
sign, designation
silver
simple
sinus (math.)
skeleton
skilful, dexterous
skill
skin (of a person)
skull
sky
slag, scoria
slattern
slave
sleeve
sleigh
slippery jack (Suillus luteus)
slow (adj.)
small object
small quantity of something
small tortoise-shell (Aglais urticae)
smallpox
smell
smooth
smut (plant disease)
snail
snake
snipe (Gallinago)
snot
sober
soft (adj.)
soldier
soldier (plan, Stratiotes)
solid, entire, continuous
something bad
son
soon
sorrowful
soul
sound
sour
south
spades (in cards)
spark plug
sparse
spawn, roe
spawning
spear
spectacles
speech
sperm
spicy
spider
spider web
spindle (Euonymus)
spiral
spirit
spleen (anat.)
spoke
spoke of wheel
sponge
spoon
spot of reflected light
spot, pip (on playing cards or dice)
spot, stain
spouse
spout of vessel
spring (season)
spring, fountain
spruce (Picea)
spur of mountain
spurge (Euphorbia)
spy
square (of a town)
squint-eyed
stage, phase
stairs
star
steep
stem (of a plant)
stench
step (of a staircase, step-ladder)
step, pace
stepfather
steppe, plain
sterile
sting (n.)
stinger (of an insect)
stingray
stirrup
stone (of a fruit)
stone loach (Barbatula barbatula)
stone, rock
stork (Ciconia)
stove
straight
strait
strange
stranger, foreign
strength
string (of a musical instrument)
strong
strong (of liquid or smell)
strong (wind, frost)
strong man (?)
stubborn person
stuffy, close
stump (of tree)
stupid
sty (on the eye)
subordinate (in rank)
sucker (botany)
suitable
summer
sun
Sunday
sundew (Drosera)
sunflower
sunset
suntanned
supervision
support (n.)
surface
swamp
sweat
sweet (taste)
sweet clover
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
swelling (on skin)
sword
syphilis
table of contents
table; desk
taciturn
tactless
tadpole
tail
talc
talent
talkative person
tall
tall person
tamarisk
tank (armour)
tasteless
tasty
teacher
telegram
tender (adj.)
tendon
tendril (of plant)
term of address to a wife
territorial entity
testicle
then
thick
thick (of a growth, hair)
thief
thigh / hip
thin (of an object)
thin (of liquid)
thing
thing said
thirst
threshing floor
throat
thumb
thunderstorm
Thursday
tiger
timbre
time
tin (n.)
to abate (about wind)
to abolish
to accuse, blame
to ache
to acquire
to act
to act according to
to act as intermediary
to address (someone), to speak (to someone)
to adorn, decorate
to agree
to analyse
to answer
to appear for a moment be glimpsed fleetingly
to appear, emerge
to appoint (to a position)
to approach, come near
to ask (for)
to ask, inquire
to astonish
to attack
to avoid
to awaken
to bake
to baptize
to baptize, christen
to bargain about the price
to be adherent
to be alike
to be angry
to be appropriate (for)
to be at war
to be awake
to be better than, to surpass
to be born
to be compatible
to be defeated
to be delirious
to be disposed towards
to be engaged in commerce
to be enough
to be exited
to be extinguished (light)
to be fed up with
to be glad
to be greedy
to be guilty
to be haughty, insolent
to be ill
to be imprisoned
to be in a hurry
to be in debt
to be inclined
to be indulgent
to be jealous
to be keen of
to be lame in one leg
to be late
to be poisoned by fumes
to be related to
to be reluctant
to be responsible for
to be resurrected
to be satisfied (sexually)
to be situated
to be sleepy
to be solved
to be sure
to be surprised
to be suspended
to be torn
to be unfaithful (to one's husband or wife)
to be zealous
to be, exist
to be, to take place
to beat, hit
to become
to become better
to become decrepit
to become dirty, soiled
to become infected
to become ready (of food)
to become unavoidable
to become visible
to begin (tr.)
to behave
to believe
to beseem
to betray
to beware, be careful
to bid farewell
to bite
to bite (of a fish)
to bless
to blow (about wind)
to blunt
to boast
to bother, pester
to break (tr.)
to break down
to breathe
to bribe
to bring into discussion
to bring to order
to bring up
to browse through (a digital source)
to build
to bury
to butt, to hit with the horns
to buy
to calculate, count
to call (somebody), to call for
to calm down
to cancel
to care for, look after
to carp, find faults
to carry
to carry out
to cast out
to castrate, geld
to catch fire
to cause
to cause to moving
to celebrate
to challenge
to change (tr.)
to change clothes
to change money
to charm, to delight
to check, test
to choke
to choose
to clean
to climb
to close one's eyes
to coagulate, curdle
to coincide
to come
to come (of an event)
to come to end, to ceise
to communicate, be on friendly terms
to compare
to compete (with smn.)
to conceal, make secret
to conceive, to become pregnant
to confess
to confuse (with)
to conjure
to consider
to consume
to contain
to cook, boil
to copulate
to correct
to corrode
to cost
to cough
to crawl
to create a text
to cry, weep
to cure, treat (medically)
to cut (tr.)
to cut up
to dance
to dare
to deal with
to deceive
to decide
to decline from the route
to decrease drastically
to defecate
to defend
to deflorate
to depend
to deprave
to depress
to deprive
to derive profit
to despair
to despise
to destroy
to detect
to develop
to die
to dig
to dilute
to disappear
to disapprove
to discharge, dismiss
to discover game animals or birds (hunting)
to disgrace, dishonor
to dislocate (of a joint)
to distill, retort
to distinguish
to distort
to distract
to divide into several parts
to divorce
to do
to do wrong, to commit a fault, to behave in a wrong way
to doubt
to draft (for the army)
to draw (an official paper)
to draw, paint
to drink
to drive (the car)
to drop (of liquid)
to dye
to earth up (plants)
to eat
to emotionalize
to employ
to enculturate, civilize
to end
to endure
to endure a load
to envy
to err, be wrong
to erupt
to escape
to establish, found
to evaporate, exhale
to evoke (a feeling)
to exhaust
to exist
to experience an orgasm
to explain
to express agreement
to extinguish
to extort (money from smb.)
to fade, lose colour
to fail
to fail (of engine)
to fall (of rain, snow)
to fall down
to fall to one's lot
to falsify
to fear
to feel
to feel (an emotion)
to feel dizzy
to feel hunger
to feel pity
to feel pleasure
to feel sick
to feel thirsty
to felt
to ferment, yeast
to fight, scuffle
to fight, to be at war
to find
to finish
to fish
to fit, try on
to flatter
to flee, to escape
to flirt
to float
to flog
to flow
to flow into
to fly
to fold (cloth)
to follow logically
to follow unthinkingly
to force to work
to foresee
to forge
to forget
to forgive
to form the fruit (of plant)
to fornicate
to gain illegal access to
to gain, to earn
to gas (a car), to refuel
to get (to), to find oneself (in)
to get a cramp, spasm
to get drunk
to get mouldy (musty)
to get off a vehicle
to get on a vehicle
to get rid of
to get tired
to get, obtain
to give birth
to give orders
to give up, stop doing
to glorify
to go after smb.
to go against the wind
to go forward, advance
to go mad
to go out (of fire)
to go overripe
to go up
to go upstream
to go, walk
to govern, control, rule
to grasp, seize
to grieve (intr.)
to grieve (tr.)
to grow (plants)
to grow numb
to grow up
to growl
to grumble
to guard
to guess
to happen
to harass
to harness
to hatch eggs
to hatch out, brood
to hate, to dislike
to have an appearance
to have experience
to have mercy
to have opinion
to heal (of a wound)
to hear
to hear / to listen
to help, aid
to hew
to hide (tr.)
to hinder
to hint
to hit the target
to hope
to hug, embrace
to humble, to abase
to hunt
to ice over
to ignore, not to greet somebody
to imitate
to imprison
to improve
to increase (tr.)
to incur losses
to induce
to inform, let know
to infringe
to inhabit, live
to inoculate
to insult
to intend
to invest
to investigate
to investigate/examine
to invite
to involve
to itch
to joke
to judge
to keep silent
to keep the fast
to kick
to kill
to kiss
to know
to know how, to be able
to lack
to ladle out (soup)
to last
to laugh
to lead
to learn, find out
to learn, study
to leave
to let
to let grow (of beard, moustaches, hairs)
to lick
to light, to kindle (the fire)
to like
to loaf, do nothing
to lose
to lose consciousness
to lose one's way
to love
to make a move (in a game)
to make a telephone call
to make disordered
to make do smth.
to make empty
to make noise
to make, create
to manage to do smth
to marry
to marry off (a daughter)
to mature
to meet
to meet accidentally
to menstruate
to mention
to milk
to mock (at)
to move
to move away
to move ears (of animal)
to move quickly
to move smoothly, gently
to mow grass
to name
to need
to nomadize
to obey
to object
to oblige
to occupy, to conquest (territory)
to offend (tr.)
to open (tr.)
to oppress
to palpitate
to pamper
to pass (of time)
to pasture, shepherd
to pay
to perform
to persuade
to pity
to plant, put (a seed or plant) in the ground
to play (a musical instrument)
to plough
to pour
to practice witchcraft
to praise
to pray
to predict misfortune
to prepare
to present, gift
to pretend (to be)
to print
to prohibit
to promise
to promote
to prosecute at law
to prove, to argue
to provoke
to pump
to punish
to purr
to put the evil eye (on), to bedevil
to quarrel
to raft timber
to reach
to read
to recall, recollect
to receive visitors
to recognize
to record
to recover a debt
to refuse
to refute
to regret
to reincarnate
to remain, stay
to remember
to remove, eliminate
to repaire, to mend
to repatriate
to repeat
to repent
to respect
to rest
to restrain, control one’s feelings
to result in
to return (intr.)
to revenge
to revolt, rebel
to ripen
to rise (of heavenly bodies)
to risk
to roll up a trunk (of elephant)
to rot, purefy
to row (with oars)
to rub
to run
to run away
to run out (of smth)
to sacrifice (relig.)
to sail
to scold
to scratch (when itches)
to scream
to search, to look for
to see/to look at
to seem
to sell
to set (of heavenly bodies)
to set free
to sew
to share
to shave
to shear
to shed hair (of animals)
to shed hair/feathers (animals), moult ; slough
to shine
to shine, glitter
to shock (of electric current)
to shoot
to shout
to show (tr.)
to shrink (of textile)
to sin
to sing
to sink (tr.)
to skip over, overlook
to slake (hunger, thirst)
to slander
to sleep
to slow, linger
to smear, anoint
to smell (of smth)
to smell, scent
to smoke
to soar
to soil, make dirty
to solve (a problem)
to sound
to sow
to spare, to economize
to spawn
to speak
to spit
to spoil
to spoil (intr.)
to spread (intr.)
to spring, jump
to spy
to stand up
to stare
to steal
to sting
to stink
to stop (of rain, snow etc.)
to strike (of lightning)
to struggle
to stumble
to subjugate
to subtract
to succeed
to suck
to suffer
to suit (of clothes)
to suppress
to surpass, exceed
to suspend from interacting with your social media
to sway
to swear, curse
to sweep
to swim
to switch on
to sympathize
to take
to take into account
to take off
to take out
to tan (hides)
to taste
to teach
to tear, rend
to tell
to tell a person's fortune
to tell lie
to think
to thresh (grain)
to throw
to thrust (into)
to thunder
to tickle
to torture
to touch
to translate
to treat, regale
to tremble
to trust
to try, to attempt
to turn back to look at smth.
to turn sour
to understand
to unravel
to untie, unbind
to vex, exasperate
to visit
to vomit
to wait
to wake up (intr.)
to walk, wander
to want
to wash (clothes)
to waste
to watch, look after
to water (plants)
to weaken, loosen
to weigh (intr.)
to whine
to whisper
to win
to winnow
to work
to work carelessly
to worry, be agitated
to write
toad
tobacco
today
toilet
tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
tomb
tomorrow
tonsil
tonsure (of monk)
tooth
toothless
top
top/crown (of a tree)
tortoise, turtle
totally, absolutely
town
traffic jam
transparent
transport station
trap, snare (n.)
tree
tribe
tribunal
troop (of animals)
trouser-leg
trump (in cards)
trumpet
trunk (body part)
trunk (of a tree)
trunk, proboscis (of elephant)
Tuesday
tumult, turmoil
turnstone (Arenaria interpres)
twin
two
tyre (of a car)
udder
ugly, unpleasant
umbrella
uncle
uncle (father's brother)
uncle (mother's brother)
underwear
undiluted
unexpected
unfunny
unhappy
unimportant
unit of area
unit of length
unmarried
unpleasant
unreliable
unripe (fruit)
upriver
upstream
urgent
urine
useless thing
usual
vacancy
vagina
valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
valid
vegetable marrow
vehicle
venous
Venus
verb
verse
very
village
violence
vision
voice
volcanic crater
volume (of books)
vote
vulgar
vulgar, common
wagtail (Motacilla)
waist
wall
war
warm
warp
warrior
wasp
watch, clock
water beetle
water nymph
watering place (for animals)
wave
weak
wealth
weapon
weasel (Mustella nivalis)
weather
website
wedding
Wednesday
week
weight (a standard of comparison in weighting)
well sweep
west
western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
wet
whale
wheat
wheel
whirlpool
whirlwind
white
white caps (on sea waves)
white of an eye
whore
wide, broad
wife
wild (of a person)
wild beast
wild chamomile (Matricaria discoidea)
wild rosemary
wild strawberry
wild, untamed
willow
wind
window
wing
winter
wire (n.)
witch, sorceress
witchcraft, sorcery
witness
wizard, magician
wolf (Canis lupus)
woman
womb
wood, timber
wood-louse
woodland spirit
woodpecker
word
work (n.)
world
worm
wound (n.)
writing-book, note-pad
wrong
year
yellow
yellow-hammer
YES, <positive particle>
yesterday
yoke (figuratively)
yolk
you
young
young man
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Polish
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Portuguese
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Pyu (Papuan)
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Qiandong Miao (Hmu)
Quechan
Quechua
Quechua
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Rapa
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Rennellese
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Romani
Romanian
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Russian
Russian–Chinese Pidgin
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Sar
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Skolt Sami
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Slovak
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Southeastern Tepehuan
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Southern Sami
Spanish
Suba
Suena
Sui
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Sumerian
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Susu
Suyá
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Swahili
Swedish
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test
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Tho (Tày)
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Tofa
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Toro So (Escarpment Dogon)
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Ulchi
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Urum
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Vai
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Veps
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Wa
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Wambon (Yonggom)
Wanji
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Wappo
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Warembori
Waritai
Warlpiri
Warlpiri
Warluwara
Warrgamay
Warumungu
Waskia
Wathawurrung
Waurá
Wayuu (Guajiro)
Welsh
Wemba Wemba
West Futuna (Futuna-Aniwa)
West Kewa
Western Canadian Inuit
Western Maninka
Wetarese (Ili'uun)
White Hmong (Hmong Daw)
Wichí
Wik-Mungkan
Wikchamni
Winnebago
Wintu
Wolane
Wolane
Woleaian
Wolof
Wubuy
Xuzhang
Yabem
Yagaria
Yaghnobi
Yagua
Yakut
Yaminahua
Yangliu
Yankton-Yanktonai
Yankunytjatjara
Yanomamö
Yao (Iu Mien)
Yaqui (Hiaki)
Yaweyuha
Yawuru
Yazghulami
Yegha
Yekora
Yenimu (South Awyu)
Yiddish
Yidgha
Yidiñ
Yimchungrü
Yir Yoront
Yoruba
Yucatec
Yuchi
Yugh
Yukaghir
Yuki
Yupik
Yuwana (Hodï)
Zazaki
Zhuang-Longzhou (Central Tai)
Zigua
Zotung
Zulu
Zuni
Zway
Glottologue ID
abaz1241
abkh1244
achi1257
ache1246
adyg1241
aeka1244
afri1274
aghu1253
ainu1252
akhv1239
akka1240
alab1237
alba1267
alek1238
aleu1260
alor1247
paci1278
alut1245
alya1239
amha1245
amis1246
anci1242
anci1244
andi1255
anga1288
angl1258
ango1254
anma1239
apul1236
stan1318
arak1252
aran1263
arch1244
argo1244
argu1237
arin1243
nucl1235
assa1266
assy1241
atak1252
zaiw1241
avar1256
aves1237
awap1236
aqua1252
awiy1238
ayor1240
mode1262
bagv1239
bahi1252
bali1278
east2304
bamb1269
band1339
bona1250
nucl1630
barb1263
wara1302
bash1264
basq1248
bass1258
bata1289
bats1242
bauz1241
beja1238
bela1254
bent1238
bena1264
beng1280
beri1254
bezh1248
bili1260
bimi1240
bine1240
biri1259
bisl1239
biss1248
bitt1240
bodo1270
boga1247
damu1236
boly1239
bond1248
borr1242
botl1242
brah1256
braz1246
bret1244
bube1242
budu1248
bugi1244
blan1242
bulg1262
buna1276
gahr1239
bung1265
bura1267
buri1258
burj1242
nucl1310
buru1303
boko1267
bush1247
buya1244
cash1251
stan1289
kana1291
cavi1250
chac1249
cebu1242
sout2991
nise1244
cent2128
chac1251
chag1247
seba1251
east2563
cham1309
chan1313
chav1241
chec1245
chep1245
cher1273
chip1241
chir1284
choc1276
chon1284
iyow1239
mwim1241
chuk1273
chul1246
chur1257
chuv1255
chol1282
ciac1237
stan1318
clas1249
cccc
midd1352
coch1272
coco1261
cofa1242
colo1256
raro1241
corn1251
crim1257
croa1245
cuic1234
cuoi1242
czec1258
daga1275
mari1428
dann1241
beav1236
dang1274
dani1285
dano1240
darg1241
dari1249
dawe1237
dhao1237
east2478
dyaa1242
djin1253
dogo1299
dolg1241
duna1248
dutc1256
east2534
bini1246
efik1245
egyp1246
emae1237
embe1258
empl1237
inor1238
mark1255
enge1239
stan1293
anin1240
inor1238
epie1238
erit1239
erzy1239
esee1248
esto1258
even1260
even1260
fali1285
faro1244
fars1254
fasu1242
favo1235
fiji1243
finn1318
fipa1238
foii1241
folo1238
fore1270
fore1266
stan1290
friu1240
fula1264
gaga1251
gads1258
gaga1249
gain1243
gali1258
gang1267
ganz1246
garo1247
gaww1239
gede1246
geez1241
gela1265
nucl1302
stan1295
gese1240
gimi1243
hinu1240
dyir1250
ghod1238
sodd1242
nort3258
goth1244
gras1249
gree1280
para1311
gude1246
kuku1273
gugu1255
guhu1244
gurd1238
guri1247
guro1248
gusi1247
hadi1240
hais1244
hani1248
hara1271
hara1271
hars1241
haus1257
hawa1245
bell1263
high1242
hili1240
west2392
hind1269
hitt1242
nucl1241
hopi1249
hrus1242
huuu1240
huav1256
huli1244
hung1274
hunj1241
hunz1247
hupd1244
hupa1239
None
icel1247
idum1241
oduu1239
mele1250
ipai1240
ilok1237
ilok1237
inar1241
indo1316
ines1240
sout1743
ingu1240
inok1238
inxo1238
iraq1241
iris1253
ishk1246
ital1282
itel1242
iton1250
ixil1251
djam1255
nucl1643
jama1261
jaru1254
java1254
kumi1248
nort3242
pale1261
sheh1240
jing1260
youl1235
jola1263
jude1256
juho1239
kaba1278
kain1271
kaiy1239
kajt1238
kaka1265
kala1397
kala1389
gali1262
kalm1243
kami1255
miju1243
kama1365
kama1370
kamb1316
kanu1281
kana1286
nucl1305
kanu1279
pamp1243
kapi1249
kaqc1270
kara1465
kara1464
kara1467
uigh1240
kara1499
kara1474
kare1335
ngar1293
karo1304
cash1252
kash1274
xaas1235
kate1253
kaul1240
kaur1267
kawa1283
kaya1315
kaya1319
kaza1248
qima1242
kemi1240
keor1235
kere1283
kere1280
kett1243
kehu1238
khak1248
turk1303
khal1275
kham1281
kham1299
kham1291
khan1273
khas1269
khin1240
cent1989
khot1251
khum1248
khwa1238
khwa1239
colo1257
kild1236
kili1267
kili1268
kimm1245
kipc1239
gilb1244
serr1255
kobo1249
koda1255
koit1244
momb1254
komi1268
komi1269
kond1303
nort2951
kono1268
kore1280
kore1283
koro1312
kory1246
kott1239
koyo1242
kwat1246
kryt1240
kuba1248
kuii1252
kuii1253
kuka1246
kuma1276
kuma1280
kumb1274
kumy1244
kung1260
kung1259
guma1252
kuot1243
kurd1259
kuri1259
kuru1301
thay1249
kuvi1243
pung1239
kwak1269
kwam1252
kwer1261
kyak1244
kirg1245
laal1242
lakk1252
lake1258
lakk1238
lako1247
lang1320
lang1322
laoo1244
lard1243
lati1261
latv1249
lazz1240
lemb1266
lezg1247
ling1263
lish1235
lith1251
livv1243
loth1237
lowe1385
lowe1385
lowl1260
onto1237
kabr1240
luop1235
luri1252
lush1249
lush1249
luvi1235
luxe1241
madi1260
maca1260
mace1250
macu1259
magu1243
nort2952
maka1318
mako1251
plat1254
mull1237
stan1306
mala1464
malt1254
saur1249
nort3153
mamb1296
mana1290
mana1288
manc1252
mand1413
nucl1706
mand1415
mand1436
mand1473
mang1378
mang1401
sout3210
mani1303
mann1248
mans1269
manx1243
naga1397
maon1241
maor1246
mapu1245
mara1404
mara1378
marg1265
marg1266
mari1440
nort2845
marg1251
mars1254
madn1237
maun1240
maya1287
mbun1248
mari1278
ming1252
mehr1241
meke1243
melp1238
anga1314
meno1252
meri1244
mesq1240
mian1255
midd1317
stan1295
midd1351
pahl1241
mika1239
karb1241
mixi1241
mlab1235
moco1246
mode1248
hebr1245
monn1252
stan1318
moks1248
mola1238
roma1327
halh1238
mong1332
mont1282
motu1246
moun1252
seba1251
mula1253
mund1330
munj1244
cree1270
muya1239
mwer1248
motl1237
azte1234
nami1256
nana1257
natc1249
nava1243
ndal1241
negi1245
nene1249
nepa1254
newa1246
ngaa1240
ngad1261
ngal1293
ngal1292
ngan1291
ngar1235
ngar1284
ngar1287
nimo1247
nina1238
niue1239
niva1238
gily1242
noct1238
noga1249
nuuc1236
nort2943
nort2860
nort2920
nort2671
nort3233
norw1258
norw1258
nuku1259
nuku1258
nuku1260
nung1283
nyah1250
nyak1260
nyam1276
nyan1303
nyaw1247
obok1239
occi1239
occi1239
ofoo1242
ogea1238
oksa1245
oldc1244
chur1257
czec1258
oldr1238
stan1293
oldf1239
stan1295
oldi1245
oldj1239
oldl1240
oldn1244
oldp1254
prus1238
None
None
oldt1247
aghw1237
oldu1238
oldw1239
oowe1239
opao1240
orej1242
ormu1247
oroc1248
orok1265
orok1269
orok1267
nucl1701
nucl1701
oroq1238
orya1242
osse1243
otom1300
otto1234
sout2694
paam1238
paez1247
paip1241
paiw1248
pala1344
pala1336
pale1260
pale1254
enap1235
panc1247
pang1290
pang1287
part1239
pash1269
paum1247
penr1237
phon1246
phry1239
pint1250
pitj1243
pola1255
nyam1284
poli1260
pohn1238
port1283
None
phai1238
puin1248
puka1242
pumi1242
panj1256
pyuu1245
kekc1242
east2369
quec1382
cusc1236
cusc1236
nort2980
kich1262
raiv127
raka1237
rapa1245
rapa1244
rekk1238
renn1242
tari1263
roma1329
roma1327
roma1326
rong1269
rumu1243
rund1242
russ1263
kjac1234
rutu1240
sout1554
saba1279
sala1264
sham1280
same1240
samo1305
sana1298
sans1269
dako1259
sarr1246
sara1340
sard1257
sari1246
samb1321
sawa1247
sawi1256
scot1243
scot1245
oldo1234
selk1253
silt1240
semn1249
sout1528
seri1257
serr1255
nort2945
sese1246
shan1277
shaw1249
sher1255
awyu1264
ship1253
shor1247
shub1238
shug1248
sika1261
sika1263
sion1247
sira1267
siri1279
sile1255
skir1238
skol1241
slav1253
slov1269
slov1268
sogd1245
even1259
soma1255
soni1259
soo1256
soqo1240
sora1254
soth1252
sout 2976
sout2694
bobo1253
erav1244
sout2674
stan1288
suba1252
suen1241
suii1243
sulu1241
sume1241
nort2684
susu1250
suya1243
svan1243
swah1253
swed1254
clas1252
taba1259
taga1270
tahi1242
khun1259
luuu1242
tain1252
tair1256
taji1245
taki1248
taku1257
taly1247
tama1367
tami1289
nucl1696
tang1336
tang1353
tase1235
tang1334
tata1255
taua1242
teiw1236
tele1256
telu1262
tequ1245
thai1261
thao1240
tayy1238
tibe1272
tifa1245
tigr1270
tigr1271
tiii1241
tiko1237
timu1262
tind1238
tokp1240
tokh1241
kara1462
tojo1241
toka1244
toke1240
kuan1248
tong1325
esca1235
tsak1249
tsha1245
dido1241
cuda1238
tuam1242
tuba1278
tulu1258
tuni1252
nucl1301
turk1304
tuva1244
tuvi1240
tuyu1244
tver1240
tzot1259
udii1243
udii1243
udmu1245
uigh1240
ukra1253
ulch1241
umaa1242
ghul1238
uppe1395
urum1249
uzbe1247
pile1238
vaii1241
wamb1258
vent1242
veps1250
viet1252
voti1245
waaa1245
wadj1254
waga1260
wakh1245
walm1241
ketu1238
wamb1259
vwan1235
waor1240
wapi1253
wapp1239
wara1300
ware1253
wari1264
warl1254
warl11254
warl1256
warr1255
waru1265
wask1241
wath1238
waur1244
wayu1243
wels1247
wemb1241
futu1245
west2599
west2618
west2500
weta1245
hmong1333
wich1261
wikm1247
wikc1234
hoch1243
nucl1651
wola1253
wola1253
wole1240
nucl1347
nung1290
xuzh1234
yabe1254
yaga1260
yagn1238
yagu1244
yaku1245
yami1255
yang1304
nako1239
yank1247
yano1261
iumi1238
yaqu1251
yawe1241
yawu1244
yazg1240
kora1294
yeko1240
sout2941
yidd1255
yidg1240
yidi1250
yimc1240
yiry1245
yoru1245
yuca1254
yuch1247
yugh1239
yuka1259
yuki1243
yupi1267
yuwa1244
zaza1246
deba1238
zigu1244
zotu1235
zulu1248
zuni1245
zayy1238
Realization Type
Polysemy
Semantic evolution
Derivation
Cognates
Syncretism
Borrowing
Lexeme