The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

48 shifts found

[{"direction": "\u2192", "id": 586, "source": "dog", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "\u003ccurse: bad person\u003e", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 628, "source": "cattle", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "\u003ccurse: bad person\u003e", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 802, "source": "owl", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "ugly", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1313, "source": "pig (Sus scrofa)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "\u003ccurse: bad person\u003e", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1394, "source": "donkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1438, "source": "louse", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods", "target": "bad", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1532, "source": "disgusting", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "snake", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1920, "source": "monkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "ugly", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 2132, "source": "coward", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "cat", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2182, "source": "leech", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "extortioner", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2235, "source": "common bullfinch", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2643, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "coward", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2679, "source": "\u003canimal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3462, "source": "flea", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "bad", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3933, "source": "\u003chorned animal\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "beautiful girl", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Beings. Age; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3953, "source": "animal", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4483, "source": "bull", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "positive evaluation", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4691, "source": "thrush", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "coward", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4755, "source": "fool", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4837, "source": "elephant", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "good", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4945, "source": "crocodile", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles", "target": "criminal", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 5195, "source": "dog", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "ugly", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5465, "source": "crocodile", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Amphibians and Reptiles", "target": "dangerous", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5490, "source": "bad weather", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Meteorology", "target": "Eurasian hoopoe", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5528, "source": "magpie (Pica pica)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "happiness, luck", "target_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5577, "source": "misfortune", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Abstract Entities; Evaluation", "target": "wolf", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5589, "source": "bad (ethically)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "bear (Ursus)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5591, "source": "fearful, dreadful", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation", "target": "lynx", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5642, "source": "happiness, luck", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation", "target": "ladybird", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5668, "source": "fearful, dreadful", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation", "target": "bear (Ursus)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5669, "source": "fearful, dreadful", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation", "target": "wolf", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5890, "source": "\u003cbird\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "dear, darling", "target_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6032, "source": "bear (Ursus)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "profiteer", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6127, "source": "calf (young cow or bull)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Baby Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "duffer", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6835, "source": "worm", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates", "target": "\u003ccurse: bad person\u003e", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6850, "source": "animal", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "\u003ccurse: bad person\u003e", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6890, "source": "cow", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6916, "source": "turkey", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7154, "source": "dissolute", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "hybrid", "target_tags": "Animals; Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7260, "source": "fearful, dreadful", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation", "target": "tiger", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7490, "source": "whale", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7636, "source": "goose", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds", "target": "fool", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8734, "source": "fool", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation; Human Qualities", "target": "puffin", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8856, "source": "predator", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals", "target": "evil (adj.)", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8866, "source": "lion (Panthera leo)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "hero", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8873, "source": "wolf", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals", "target": "hero", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9393, "source": "dog", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Animals; Animals. Domestic Animals", "target": "miserable, unhappy", "target_tags": "Emotions; Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9737, "source": "strange", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "monster (abnormal creature)", "target_tags": "Animals; Evaluation"}]

ID	Meaning 1	Taxons 1	Direction	Meaning 2	Taxons 2
586	dog	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	<curse: bad person>	Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech
628	cattle	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	<curse: bad person>	Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech
802	owl	Animals; Birds	—	ugly	Evaluation
1313	pig (Sus scrofa)	Animals; Mammals	→	<curse: bad person>	Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech
1394	donkey	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
1438	louse	Animals; Arthropods	→	bad	Evaluation
1532	disgusting	Evaluation	→	snake	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles
1920	monkey	Animals; Mammals	→	ugly	Evaluation
2132	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities	—	cat	Animals; Mammals
2182	leech	Animals; Invertebrates	→	extortioner	Evaluation; Human Beings; Human Qualities
2235	common bullfinch	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
2643	<animal>	Animals	→	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities
2679	<animal>	Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
3462	flea	Animals; Invertebrates	→	bad	Evaluation
3933	<horned animal>	Animals; Mammals	→	beautiful girl	Evaluation; Human Beings; Age; Human Qualities
3953	animal	Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
4483	bull	Animals; Mammals	→	positive evaluation	Evaluation
4691	thrush	Animals; Birds	→	coward	Evaluation; Human Qualities
4755	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)	Animals; Birds
4837	elephant	Animals; Mammals	→	good	Evaluation
4945	crocodile	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles	→	criminal	Evaluation; Human Beings; Social Status
5195	dog	Animals; Domestic Animals	—	ugly	Evaluation
5465	crocodile	Animals; Amphibians and Reptiles	→	dangerous	Evaluation
5490	bad weather	Evaluation; Meteorology	→	Eurasian hoopoe	Animals; Birds
5528	magpie (Pica pica)	Animals; Birds	→	happiness, luck	Emotions; Evaluation
5577	misfortune	Abstract Entities; Evaluation	→	wolf	Animals; Mammals
5589	bad (ethically)	Evaluation	→	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals
5591	fearful, dreadful	Emotions; Evaluation	→	lynx	Animals; Mammals
5642	happiness, luck	Emotions; Evaluation	→	ladybird	Animals; Invertebrates
5668	fearful, dreadful	Emotions; Evaluation	→	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals
5669	fearful, dreadful	Emotions; Evaluation	→	wolf	Animals; Mammals
5890	<bird>	Animals; Birds	→	dear, darling	Emotions; Evaluation
6032	bear (Ursus)	Animals; Mammals	→	profiteer	Evaluation; Human Beings
6127	calf (young cow or bull)	Animals; Baby Animals; Domestic Animals	→	duffer	Evaluation; Human Qualities
6835	worm	Animals; Invertebrates	→	<curse: bad person>	Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech
6850	animal	Animals	→	<curse: bad person>	Evaluation; Human Beings; Speech
6890	cow	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
6916	turkey	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
7154	dissolute	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	hybrid	Animals; Plants
7260	fearful, dreadful	Emotions; Evaluation	→	tiger	Animals; Mammals
7490	whale	Animals; Mammals	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
7636	goose	Animals; Birds	→	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities
8734	fool	Evaluation; Human Qualities	→	puffin	Animals; Birds
8856	predator	Animals	→	evil (adj.)	Evaluation
8866	lion (Panthera leo)	Animals; Mammals	—	hero	Evaluation; Human Beings; Social Status
8873	wolf	Animals; Mammals	→	hero	Evaluation; Human Beings; Social Status
9393	dog	Animals; Domestic Animals	→	miserable, unhappy	Emotions; Evaluation
9737	strange	Evaluation	→	monster (abnormal creature)	Animals; Evaluation