The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

46 shifts found

[{"direction": "\u2192", "id": 88, "source": "Turk", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "dandelion", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Herbaceous Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 123, "source": "Turk", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "swearword", "target_tags": "Text"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 191, "source": "Turk", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "moslem", "target_tags": "Religion"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1160, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "cockroach", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1187, "source": "mute, dumb", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1188, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "slave", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 1479, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "soldier", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Professions"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1603, "source": "Romani", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "to ask for, request", "target_tags": "Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1604, "source": "Romani", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "to mock", "target_tags": "Social Actions and Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1605, "source": "Romani", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "to deceive", "target_tags": "Social Actions and Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1606, "source": "Romani", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "to nomadize", "target_tags": "Motion"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1659, "source": "Russian", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "bedbug (Cimex lectularius)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2155, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "mythical giant", "target_tags": "Physical Properties. Size; Supernatural Beings"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 2156, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "monster (supernatural)", "target_tags": "Supernatural Beings"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2329, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "cunning person", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Human Qualities"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2406, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "maize", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2416, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "buckwheat", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants; Plants. Herbaceous Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2462, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "child before baptism", "target_tags": "Human Beings; Religion"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3154, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "rooster", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Birds; Animals. Domestic Animals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3241, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "syphilis", "target_tags": "Diseases"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3278, "source": "person of small stature", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings; Physical Properties. Size", "target": "Japanese", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3285, "source": "chief, boss", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status", "target": "Englishman", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3499, "source": "to nomadize", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Motion", "target": "\u003cethnic group\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3667, "source": "human, person", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings", "target": "\u003cethnic group\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3782, "source": "Russian", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "Boletus edulis", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Mushrooms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3844, "source": "Jewish", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "chanterelle", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Mushrooms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4187, "source": "white", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Colour", "target": "American", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4586, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "guava", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Trees and Shrubs"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4763, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "\u003cthorny plant\u003e", "target_tags": "Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5234, "source": "Turk", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "heathen, pagan", "target_tags": "Religion"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5644, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Invertebrates"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5824, "source": "curly-headed", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Shape", "target": "Jewish", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6298, "source": "China", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms; Geography; Proper nouns", "target": "porcelain", "target_tags": "Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6830, "source": "good", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6867, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7338, "source": "China", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms; Geography; Proper nouns", "target": "rice", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7638, "source": "\u003cethnic group\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "\u003cclothes\u003e", "target_tags": "Artifacts; Artifacts. Clothes and Footwear"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8020, "source": "enemy", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Interpersonal Relations", "target": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8053, "source": "\u003cethnic group\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "Romani", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8390, "source": "Romani", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "to steal", "target_tags": "Social Actions and Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8483, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "blond person", "target_tags": "Human Beings"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8591, "source": "person of the Caucasian race", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "cannon (weapon)", "target_tags": "Artifacts; Artifacts. Weapons"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9425, "source": "white", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Colour", "target": "person of the Caucasian race", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9654, "source": "stranger, foreign", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Human Beings", "target": "\u003cethnic group\u003e", "target_tags": "Ethnonyms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9655, "source": "\u003cforeigner\u003e", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "\u003cblood-sucking insect\u003e", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Arthropods; Animals. Insects"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9793, "source": "Jewish", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Ethnonyms", "target": "stingy", "target_tags": "Human Qualities"}]

ID	Meaning 1	Taxons 1	Direction	Meaning 2	Taxons 2
88	Turk	Ethnonyms	→	dandelion	Plants; Herbaceous Plants
123	Turk	Ethnonyms	→	swearword	Text
191	Turk	Ethnonyms	→	moslem	Religion
1160	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	cockroach	Animals; Invertebrates
1187	mute, dumb	Human Qualities	→	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms
1188	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	slave	Human Beings; Social Status
1479	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	↔	soldier	Human Beings; Professions
1603	Romani	Ethnonyms	→	to ask for, request	Speech
1604	Romani	Ethnonyms	→	to mock	Social Actions and Relations
1605	Romani	Ethnonyms	→	to deceive	Social Actions and Relations
1606	Romani	Ethnonyms	→	to nomadize	Motion
1659	Russian	Ethnonyms	→	bedbug (Cimex lectularius)	Animals; Arthropods
2155	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	mythical giant	Size; Supernatural Beings
2156	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	↔	monster (supernatural)	Supernatural Beings
2329	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	cunning person	Human Beings; Human Qualities
2406	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	maize	Plants; Cultivated Plants
2416	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	buckwheat	Plants; Cultivated Plants; Herbaceous Plants
2462	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	child before baptism	Human Beings; Religion
3154	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	rooster	Animals; Birds; Domestic Animals
3241	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	syphilis	Diseases
3278	person of small stature	Human Beings; Size	→	Japanese	Ethnonyms
3285	chief, boss	Human Beings; Social Status	→	Englishman	Ethnonyms
3499	to nomadize	Motion	→	<ethnic group>	Ethnonyms
3667	human, person	Human Beings	→	<ethnic group>	Ethnonyms
3782	Russian	Ethnonyms	→	Boletus edulis	Plants; Mushrooms
3844	Jewish	Ethnonyms	→	chanterelle	Plants; Mushrooms
4187	white	Physical Properties; Colour	→	American	Ethnonyms
4586	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	guava	Plants; Trees and Shrubs
4763	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	<thorny plant>	Plants
5234	Turk	Ethnonyms	→	heathen, pagan	Religion
5644	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus	Animals; Invertebrates
5824	curly-headed	Physical Properties; Shape	→	Jewish	Ethnonyms
6298	China	Ethnonyms; Geography; Proper nouns	→	porcelain	Substances and Materials
6830	good	Evaluation	→	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms
6867	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Plants; Cultivated Plants
7338	China	Ethnonyms; Geography; Proper nouns	→	rice	Plants; Cultivated Plants
7638	<ethnic group>	Ethnonyms	→	<clothes>	Artifacts; Clothes and Footwear
8020	enemy	Interpersonal Relations	→	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms
8053	<ethnic group>	Ethnonyms	→	Romani	Ethnonyms
8390	Romani	Ethnonyms	→	to steal	Social Actions and Relations
8483	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	blond person	Human Beings
8591	person of the Caucasian race	Ethnonyms	→	cannon (weapon)	Artifacts; Weapons
9425	white	Physical Properties; Colour	→	person of the Caucasian race	Ethnonyms
9654	stranger, foreign	Human Beings	→	<ethnic group>	Ethnonyms
9655	<foreigner>	Ethnonyms	→	<blood-sucking insect>	Animals; Arthropods; Insects
9793	Jewish	Ethnonyms	→	stingy	Human Qualities