The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

60 shifts found

[{"direction": "\u2192", "id": 70, "source": "when", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Connectives; Time", "target": "if", "target_tags": "Connectives; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 650, "source": "hand/arm", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Body Parts", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1299, "source": "to love", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Emotions; Interpersonal Relations", "target": "any, -ever", "target_tags": "Logical; Pronouns"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1739, "source": "head", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Body Parts", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1928, "source": "tribe", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Social Institutions", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2002, "source": "rough, uneven", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Tactile; Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Shape", "target": "approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2058, "source": "door", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Artifacts; Parts. Parts of Buildings", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2079, "source": "colour", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Colour", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2345, "source": "stone (of a fruit)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Parts; Parts. Parts of Plants", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2504, "source": "guilt, guilty", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Human Qualities", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3249, "source": "unique, sole", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Evaluation; Logical", "target": "best", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3444, "source": "empty", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3445, "source": "by oneself, alone", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Quantity", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 3450, "source": "only", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical", "target": "but only", "target_tags": "Connectives"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3451, "source": "naked, bare", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Physical Properties", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3521, "source": "one, single", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Numerals", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4036, "source": "father", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Kinship", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4205, "source": "rope, cord", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Artifacts", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4215, "source": "crumb", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Food and Drinks; Parts", "target": "negation marker", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4342, "source": "water", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4602, "source": "to turn, rotate (intr.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Motion", "target": "around / approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity; Spatial Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4616, "source": "any, -ever", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Logical; Pronouns", "target": "bad", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4663, "source": "to want", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Volition", "target": "any, -ever", "target_tags": "Logical; Pronouns"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4816, "source": "tail", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Body Parts; Body Parts. Animal Body Parts", "target": "consequence", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4927, "source": "ancestor", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Kinship", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4955, "source": "no", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Logical", "target": "yes", "target_tags": "Discourse Markers"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4964, "source": "sooner", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Time", "target": "more probable", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5012, "source": "place", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "instead of", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5013, "source": "with exception of", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Abstract Relations", "target": "in addition to", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5331, "source": "name", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Semiotics", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5332, "source": "orphan", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Human Beings; Human Beings. Social Status", "target": "unique, sole", "target_tags": "Evaluation; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6042, "source": "under, below", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "instead of", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6584, "source": "equal, identical", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Abstract Relations", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 6618, "source": "ordinary", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6822, "source": "raw", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties", "target": "impossible", "target_tags": "Abstract Relations; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6843, "source": "gas", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "nonsense", "target_tags": "Logical; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6883, "source": "disease", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Diseases", "target": "cause, reason", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7014, "source": "pen (for writing)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Artifacts; Artifacts. Tools", "target": "kind, type, class", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7461, "source": "afterwards, later", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Time", "target": "consequently", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7464, "source": "this way, like this", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Abstract Relations", "target": "consequently", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7595, "source": "drop (n.)", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Quantity; Substances and Materials", "target": "negation marker", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8218, "source": "as, like", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Abstract Relations", "target": "if", "target_tags": "Connectives; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8433, "source": "empty", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties", "target": "nonsense", "target_tags": "Logical; Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9299, "source": "middle, centre", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9389, "source": "one, single", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Numerals", "target": "the same one", "target_tags": "Logical; Pronouns"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9453, "source": "equal, identical", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Abstract Relations", "target": "the same one", "target_tags": "Logical; Pronouns"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9491, "source": "the same one", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical; Pronouns", "target": "even (particle)", "target_tags": "Connectives; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9492, "source": "near", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9498, "source": "simple", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Evaluation", "target": "only", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9507, "source": "around", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9632, "source": "water", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "approximately", "target_tags": "Logical; Quantity"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9879, "source": "opposite (space)", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Spatial Relations", "target": "contrary, opposite (logical)", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9967, "source": "step, pace", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Motion", "target": "negation marker", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10000, "source": "to like", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Emotions", "target": "even (particle)", "target_tags": "Connectives; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10001, "source": "to want", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Volition", "target": "even (particle)", "target_tags": "Connectives; Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10217, "source": "all, whole", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical; Quantity", "target": "ten", "target_tags": "Numerals"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 10259, "source": "to belong", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Possession; Social Relations", "target": "to be part of", "target_tags": "Logical"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 10437, "source": "only", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical", "target": "always", "target_tags": "Discourse Markers; Time"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10520, "source": "kind, type, class", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical", "target": "voice (linguistics)", "target_tags": "Scientific Terms"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10566, "source": "any, -ever", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Logical; Pronouns", "target": "however, nevertheless", "target_tags": "Connectives"}]

ID	Meaning 1	Taxons 1	Direction	Meaning 2	Taxons 2
70	when	Connectives; Time	→	if	Connectives; Logical
650	hand/arm	Body Parts	→	kind, type, class	Logical
1299	to love	Emotions; Interpersonal Relations	→	any, -ever	Logical; Pronouns
1739	head	Body Parts	→	kind, type, class	Logical
1928	tribe	Social Institutions	→	kind, type, class	Logical
2002	rough, uneven	Tactile; Physical Properties; Shape	→	approximately	Logical; Quantity
2058	door	Artifacts; Parts of Buildings	→	kind, type, class	Logical
2079	colour	Physical Properties; Colour	→	kind, type, class	Logical
2345	stone (of a fruit)	Parts; Parts of Plants	→	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
2504	guilt, guilty	Human Qualities	→	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
3249	unique, sole	Evaluation; Logical	→	best	Evaluation
3444	empty	Physical Properties	—	only	Logical
3445	by oneself, alone	Quantity	→	only	Logical
3450	only	Logical	↔	but only	Connectives
3451	naked, bare	Physical Properties	→	only	Logical
3521	one, single	Numerals	→	only	Logical
4036	father	Human Beings; Kinship	→	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
4205	rope, cord	Artifacts	→	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
4215	crumb	Food and Drinks; Parts	→	negation marker	Logical
4342	water	Substances and Materials	→	kind, type, class	Logical
4602	to turn, rotate (intr.)	Motion	—	around / approximately	Logical; Quantity; Spatial Relations
4616	any, -ever	Logical; Pronouns	→	bad	Evaluation
4663	to want	Volition	→	any, -ever	Logical; Pronouns
4816	tail	Body Parts; Animal Body Parts	→	consequence	Abstract Relations; Logical
4927	ancestor	Human Beings; Kinship	—	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
4955	no	Logical	—	yes	Discourse Markers
4964	sooner	Time	→	more probable	Abstract Relations; Logical
5012	place	Spatial Relations	→	instead of	Abstract Relations; Logical
5013	with exception of	Abstract Relations	→	in addition to	Abstract Relations; Logical
5331	name	Semiotics	→	kind, type, class	Logical
5332	orphan	Human Beings; Social Status	→	unique, sole	Evaluation; Logical
6042	under, below	Spatial Relations	→	instead of	Abstract Relations; Logical
6584	equal, identical	Abstract Relations	→	kind, type, class	Logical
6618	ordinary	Evaluation	—	only	Logical
6822	raw	Physical Properties	→	impossible	Abstract Relations; Logical
6843	gas	Substances and Materials	→	nonsense	Logical; Speech
6883	disease	Diseases	→	cause, reason	Abstract Entities; Logical
7014	pen (for writing)	Artifacts; Tools	→	kind, type, class	Logical
7461	afterwards, later	Time	→	consequently	Logical
7464	this way, like this	Abstract Relations	→	consequently	Logical
7595	drop (n.)	Quantity; Substances and Materials	→	negation marker	Logical
8218	as, like	Abstract Relations	→	if	Connectives; Logical
8433	empty	Physical Properties	→	nonsense	Logical; Speech
9299	middle, centre	Spatial Relations	→	approximately	Logical; Quantity
9389	one, single	Numerals	→	the same one	Logical; Pronouns
9453	equal, identical	Abstract Relations	→	the same one	Logical; Pronouns
9491	the same one	Logical; Pronouns	→	even (particle)	Connectives; Logical
9492	near	Spatial Relations	→	approximately	Logical; Quantity
9498	simple	Evaluation	→	only	Logical
9507	around	Spatial Relations	→	approximately	Logical; Quantity
9632	water	Substances and Materials	→	approximately	Logical; Quantity
9879	opposite (space)	Spatial Relations	→	contrary, opposite (logical)	Logical
9967	step, pace	Motion	→	negation marker	Logical
10000	to like	Emotions	→	even (particle)	Connectives; Logical
10001	to want	Volition	→	even (particle)	Connectives; Logical
10217	all, whole	Logical; Quantity	→	ten	Numerals
10259	to belong	Possession; Social Relations	↔	to be part of	Logical
10437	only	Logical	—	always	Discourse Markers; Time
10520	kind, type, class	Logical	→	voice (linguistics)	Scientific Terms
10566	any, -ever	Logical; Pronouns	→	however, nevertheless	Connectives