The Database of Semantic Shifts in the languages of the world

65 shifts found

[{"direction": "\u2192", "id": 498, "source": "nose", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Body Parts", "target": "sense of smell", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 912, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to kiss", "target_tags": "Emotions; Interpersonal Relations"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1033, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to scold", "target_tags": "Speech"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1056, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to stink", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1068, "source": "to feel, perceive", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception", "target": "to perceive smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1112, "source": "taste (gustatory)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Gustatory", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1200, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "polecat, ferret (Mustela putorius)", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 1494, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to emit smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1588, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "perfume, scent", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory; Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 1649, "source": "wind", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Meteorology", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1736, "source": "to stink", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "negative evaluation", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 1927, "source": "spirit (supernatural being)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Supernatural Beings", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2004, "source": "sharp", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Shape", "target": "pungent (odour)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 2552, "source": "to blow", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Actions", "target": "to emit smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2722, "source": "to hear / to listen", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Auditory", "target": "to perceive smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 2935, "source": "sweet-smelling, fragrant", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "good", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 2936, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to rot, putrefy", "target_tags": "Physical Processes"}, {"direction": "\u2194", "id": 2937, "source": "sweet-smelling, fragrant", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "tasty", "target_tags": "Perception. Gustatory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3217, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "fame, reputation", "target_tags": "Abstract Entities; Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3457, "source": "corpse", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Human Beings", "target": "to stink", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 3739, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to detect", "target_tags": "Perception"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3753, "source": "breath, breathing", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physiology", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3758, "source": "to breathe", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physiology", "target": "to perceive smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3760, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to taste (tr.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Gustatory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3772, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to emit smoke", "target_tags": "Physical Processes"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 3989, "source": "steam, vapour", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4016, "source": "to bark", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Animal Sounds; Physical Properties. Sound", "target": "to stink", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4077, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "news", "target_tags": "Speech; Text"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 4448, "source": "air", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4495, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "wild chamomile", "target_tags": "Plants. Herbaceous Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 4496, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "mint (Mentha)", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Herbaceous Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5408, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to know", "target_tags": "Cognition"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5431, "source": "to feel, perceive", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception", "target": "to emit smell", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 5767, "source": "smoke", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Substances and Materials", "target": "perfume, scent", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory; Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5769, "source": "to emit smoke", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Physical Processes", "target": "to stink", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 5770, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to indicate something bad", "target_tags": "Evaluation"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6155, "source": "sweet-smelling, fragrant", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "pineapple", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6160, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "skunk", "target_tags": "Animals; Animals. Mammals"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6319, "source": "sound", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Sound", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6541, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "garlic (Allium sativum)", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 6624, "source": "to stink", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "elder (Sambucus)", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Trees and Shrubs"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 7165, "source": "to sober up", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Physiology", "target": "to lose smell or taste (of liquids)", "target_tags": "Perception. Gustatory; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 7725, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "mind (n.)", "target_tags": "Cognition"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8477, "source": "jungle", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Geography; Geography. Landscape", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8478, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "flower", "target_tags": "Parts. Parts of Plants; Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8480, "source": "devil, satan", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Supernatural Beings", "target": "smell of cattle", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 8482, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to come into existence", "target_tags": "Existence"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 8801, "source": "bitter", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception. Gustatory", "target": "to stink", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9020, "source": "to stink", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "onion", "target_tags": "Plants; Plants. Cultivated Plants"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9021, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to fear, be afraid", "target_tags": "Emotions"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 9024, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "joy", "target_tags": "Emotions"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 9025, "source": "house", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Artifacts; Artifacts. Buildings", "target": "smell (n.)", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9026, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to hate, dislike", "target_tags": "Emotions"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9033, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to suspect", "target_tags": "Cognition"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9115, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "sense of smell", "target_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 9120, "source": "to perceive smell", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "nose", "target_tags": "Body Parts"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9121, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "strength", "target_tags": "Physical Properties"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9158, "source": "smell (n.)", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to perfume", "target_tags": "Physical Actions"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9266, "source": "to stink", "source2": null, "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "to become infected", "target_tags": "Diseases"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9504, "source": "to stink", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "blackcurrant", "target_tags": "Parts. Parts of Plants; Plants. Trees and Shrubs"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9510, "source": "to stink", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "bird cherry tree", "target_tags": "Plants. Trees and Shrubs"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9702, "source": "to stink", "source2": "oil (food)", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "kerosene", "target_tags": "Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 9709, "source": "to stink", "source2": "water", "source_tags": "Perception; Perception. Olfactory", "target": "petroleum, oil", "target_tags": "Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2014", "id": 10468, "source": "colour", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Physical Properties; Physical Properties. Colour", "target": "perfume, scent", "target_tags": "Perception. Olfactory; Substances and Materials"}, {"direction": "\u2192", "id": 10612, "source": "to emit smell", "source2": "", "source_tags": "Perception. Olfactory", "target": "soap", "target_tags": "Artifacts"}]

ID	Meaning 1	Taxons 1	Direction	Meaning 2	Taxons 2
498	nose	Body Parts	→	sense of smell	Perception; Olfactory
912	to perceive smell	Olfactory	→	to kiss	Emotions; Interpersonal Relations
1033	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	to scold	Speech
1056	to emit smell	Olfactory	→	to stink	Perception; Olfactory
1068	to feel, perceive	Perception	→	to perceive smell	Olfactory
1112	taste (gustatory)	Perception; Gustatory	→	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
1200	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	polecat, ferret (Mustela putorius)	Animals; Mammals
1494	to perceive smell	Olfactory	↔	to emit smell	Olfactory
1588	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	→	perfume, scent	Olfactory; Substances and Materials
1649	wind	Meteorology	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
1736	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	negative evaluation	Evaluation
1927	spirit (supernatural being)	Supernatural Beings	→	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
2004	sharp	Physical Properties; Shape	→	pungent (odour)	Perception; Olfactory
2552	to blow	Physical Actions	—	to emit smell	Olfactory
2722	to hear / to listen	Perception; Auditory	→	to perceive smell	Olfactory
2935	sweet-smelling, fragrant	Perception; Olfactory	→	good	Evaluation
2936	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	—	to rot, putrefy	Physical Processes
2937	sweet-smelling, fragrant	Perception; Olfactory	↔	tasty	Gustatory
3217	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	→	fame, reputation	Abstract Entities; Evaluation
3457	corpse	Human Beings	→	to stink	Perception; Olfactory
3739	to perceive smell	Olfactory	→	to detect	Perception
3753	breath, breathing	Physiology	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
3758	to breathe	Physiology	—	to perceive smell	Olfactory
3760	to perceive smell	Olfactory	—	to taste (tr.)	Perception; Gustatory
3772	to emit smell	Olfactory	—	to emit smoke	Physical Processes
3989	steam, vapour	Substances and Materials	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
4016	to bark	Animal Sounds; Sound	—	to stink	Perception; Olfactory
4077	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	—	news	Speech; Text
4448	air	Substances and Materials	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
4495	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	→	wild chamomile	Herbaceous Plants
4496	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	→	mint (Mentha)	Plants; Herbaceous Plants
5408	to perceive smell	Olfactory	→	to know	Cognition
5431	to feel, perceive	Perception	→	to emit smell	Olfactory
5767	smoke	Substances and Materials	—	perfume, scent	Olfactory; Substances and Materials
5769	to emit smoke	Physical Processes	→	to stink	Perception; Olfactory
5770	to emit smell	Olfactory	→	to indicate something bad	Evaluation
6155	sweet-smelling, fragrant	Perception; Olfactory	→	pineapple	Plants; Cultivated Plants
6160	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	skunk	Animals; Mammals
6319	sound	Physical Properties; Sound	→	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
6541	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	garlic (Allium sativum)	Plants; Cultivated Plants
6624	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	elder (Sambucus)	Plants; Trees and Shrubs
7165	to sober up	Physiology	→	to lose smell or taste (of liquids)	Gustatory; Olfactory
7725	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	—	mind (n.)	Cognition
8477	jungle	Geography; Landscape	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
8478	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	—	flower	Parts of Plants; Plants
8480	devil, satan	Supernatural Beings	—	smell of cattle	Perception; Olfactory
8482	to emit smell	Olfactory	→	to come into existence	Existence
8801	bitter	Gustatory	—	to stink	Perception; Olfactory
9020	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	onion	Plants; Cultivated Plants
9021	to emit smell	Olfactory	→	to fear, be afraid	Emotions
9024	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	—	joy	Emotions
9025	house	Artifacts; Buildings	—	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory
9026	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	to hate, dislike	Emotions
9033	to perceive smell	Olfactory	→	to suspect	Cognition
9115	to perceive smell	Olfactory	→	sense of smell	Perception; Olfactory
9120	to perceive smell	Olfactory	—	nose	Body Parts
9121	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	strength	Physical Properties
9158	smell (n.)	Perception; Olfactory	→	to perfume	Physical Actions
9266	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	to become infected	Diseases
9504	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	blackcurrant	Parts of Plants; Trees and Shrubs
9510	to stink	Perception; Olfactory	→	bird cherry tree	Trees and Shrubs
9702	to stink + oil (food)	Perception; Olfactory	→	kerosene	Substances and Materials
9709	to stink + water	Perception; Olfactory	→	petroleum, oil	Substances and Materials
10468	colour	Physical Properties; Colour	—	perfume, scent	Olfactory; Substances and Materials
10612	to emit smell	Olfactory	→	soap	Artifacts