to read
—
to learn, study
12 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thai | |
| Lexeme | ān | |
| Meaning 1 | to read, to declaim | ān nay jay 'to read silently' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to grasp | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Morev 1964, 884 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | urχub | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | кагъаз урхуб 'to read a letter' |
| Meaning 2 | to study | йиз чвуччву институтдиъ урхура 'My brother goes to university.' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 299). The same in Agul (РУХАС). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wakhi | |
| Lexeme | ǰoy- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭСИЯ 3, 271, Стеблин-Каменский 1999, 200 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme | еджэн (jeǯen) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | Šaov 1975: 106 Txarkaxo 1991: 77 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | k’elun | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | ктаб кIелун 'to read a book' |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LezgRus 216). Тthe same in the Udi К1АЛ-ПЕСУН, where the root К1АЛ- is possibly related. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Azerbaijani | |
| Lexeme | oxu- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | ARRAL | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | خواندن xānd-an | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | اين كتاب را خواندم in ketāb rā xānd-am 'I read this book' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | زبان انگليسي ميخوانم zabān-e englisi mi-xān-am 'I am learning English' |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 574 | |
| Comment | The same in many other Iranic languages ЭСИЯ 3, 459 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | darasa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read (a book) | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to attend lessons by such and such professor | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | BK I 688. The direction of shift is rather from B to A. The Hebrew cognate drš has the meaning 'to seek, to enquire about, to investigete, to search' (HALOT 233) - probably this develops into 'to study', and hence into 'to read'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | soma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | soma kitabu 'to read a book' |
| Meaning 2 | to study | alianza kusomea uhandisi wa ndege 'He started studying aircraft engineering' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thao | |
| Lexeme | shupilh | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | Also 'to count'. See also in close related Bunun ma-sipul 'to count' and 'study, learn', but not 'to read'. | |
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Selkup | |
| Lexeme | то̄ргу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | мат то̄рбам 'I have read' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Нача́ӷэт то́рӽат хи́мияп, арк уро́калап 'There they studied chemistry and other lessons.' |
| Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ingush | |
| Lexeme | деша | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
| Comment | ||