to read
→
to learn, study
67 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thai | |
| Lexeme | ān | |
| Meaning 1 | to read, to declaim | ān nay jay to read silently |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to grasp | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Morev 1964, 884 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | urχub | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | кагъаз урхуб to read a letter |
| Meaning 2 | to study | йиз чвуччву институтдиъ урхура My brother goes to university. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 299). The same in Agul (РУХАС). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wakhi | |
| Lexeme | ǰoy- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭСИЯ 3, 271, Стеблин-Каменский 1999, 200 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme | еджэн (jeǯen) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | Šaov 1975: 106 Txarkaxo 1991: 77 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | кІелун (k’elun) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | ктаб кIелун to read a book |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | |
| Reference | LezgRus: 216 | |
| Comment | Тthe same in the Udi К1АЛ-ПЕСУН, where the root К1АЛ- is possibly related. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Azerbaijani | |
| Lexeme | oxumaq | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | Qəzet oxuyan qadın. Woman reading a newspaper. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | Bakı Dövlət Universitetində psixologiya oxuyuram. I study psychology in Baku State University. |
| Reference | ARRAL Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Farsi | |
| Lexeme | خواندن xānd-an | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | اين كتاب را خواندم in ketāb rā xānd-am I read this book |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to study | زبان انگليسي ميخوانم zabān-e englisi mi-xān-am I am learning English |
| Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 574 | |
| Comment | The same in many other Iranic languages ЭСИЯ 3, 459 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | دَرَسَ darasa | |
| Lexeme 2 | دَرَسَ darasa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read (a book) | تَدَارَسَ القُرْآنَ ; تَدَارَسُوا الكِتَابَ حَتَّى حَفِظُوهُ He read the Quran, i.e. he returned to it time after time, in order that he might not forget it. (itterative stem) They read the book (read repeatedly, or studied it, or read and learned it, together, teaching one another), until they retained it in memory. |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | to study, to attend lessons by such and such professor | |
| Reference | BK: I 688 Lane: 871 | |
| Comment | The direction of shift is rather from B to A. The Hebrew cognate drš has the meaning 'to seek, to enquire about, to investigete, to search' (HALOT 233) - probably this develops into 'to study', and hence into 'to read'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | soma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | soma kitabu to read a book |
| Meaning 2 | to study | alianza kusomea uhandisi wa ndege He started studying aircraft engineering |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Thao | |
| Lexeme | shupilh | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ACD | |
| Comment | Also 'to count'. See also in close related Bunun ma-sipul 'to count' and 'study, learn', but not 'to read'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Selkup | |
| Lexeme | то̄ргу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | мат то̄рбам I have read |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Нача́ӷэт то́рӽат хи́мияп, арк уро́калап There they studied chemistry and other lessons. |
| Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ingush | |
| Lexeme | деша | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | daalacasho | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 59 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Andi | |
| Lexeme | балиду | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Archi | |
| Lexeme | олІмус | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Avar | |
| Lexeme | цІцІалде | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Andalal dialect цIализе - Ansalta dialect, цІцІалзи - Antsukh, цІцІализи - Araderikh, цIализе - East Gergebil, цІалле - Hid, цІалзи - Karakh, цІализи - Khanzakh, сІсІалзи - Kusur |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bai | |
| Lexeme | ɣɯ⁴² | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bezhta | |
| Lexeme | хъовал | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Khasharkhota dialect; Tlyadal dialect, Karauzek subdialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chamalal | |
| Lexeme | цӀалдила | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Gigatli dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Chuka (Meru) | |
| Lexeme | kuthoma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dargwa (literary) | |
| Lexeme | учІес | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Gapshima, Gubden, Kadar, Mekegi, Urakhi учІана - Muiri dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dargwa (literary) | |
| Lexeme | белчӀий | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3, Sirkhi dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Doe | |
| Lexeme | ku-soma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gusii | |
| Lexeme | gosoma | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Nurse, Philippson 1975 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hani | |
| Lexeme | tsv̩⁵⁵ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hindi | |
| Lexeme | paṛhnā (पढ़ना) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | NorthEuraLex Bahri 1989: 368 McGregor 1993: 595 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | páṭhati (पठति) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | MW: 580 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Punjabi | |
| Lexeme | paṛhnā (ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ, پڑھنا) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | taĩ kihṛīā̃ kitābā̃ paṛhīā̃ hana? (ਤੈਂ ਕਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਪੜ੍ਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ?) Which books have you read? |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | jor mārke paṛh lavo (ਜੋਰ ਮਾਰਕੇ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਲਵੋ।) Put in work and study for yourself. |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Assamese | |
| Lexeme | porha (পঢ়া) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bengali | |
| Lexeme | poṛa (পড়া) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tamil | |
| Lexeme | paṭi (படி) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | From Sanskrit |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Juhuri (Judeo-Tat) | |
| Lexeme | хунде | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karata | |
| Lexeme | цІцІала̄лъа | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karata | |
| Lexeme | цІеледу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 Tokitin dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kazakh | |
| Lexeme | оқу (oqu) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Syzdykova, Xusain (eds.) 2008: 651 NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khinalug | |
| Lexeme | ликІуьври | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khwarshi | |
| Lexeme | цІалида | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kumyk | |
| Lexeme | охумакъ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Udi | |
| Lexeme | кIал-песун | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Gukasjan 1974 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Aghul | |
| Lexeme | рухас | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Ramazanov 2010 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Dari | |
| Lexeme | xvån- : xvånd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | (colloquial) to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tajiki | |
| Lexeme | xon-, xond- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Southern Kurdish | |
| Lexeme | xūn-, xvānd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | Abdui dialect |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Zazaki | |
| Lexeme | wend- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Talysh | |
| Lexeme | han-, hand- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Balochi | |
| Lexeme | wān-, wānt- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 459 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yazghulami | |
| Lexeme | xān-, xant- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Shughni | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xêyt-, xêyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bartangi | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Oroshori (Roshorvi) | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sariqoli | |
| Lexeme | xuy-, xōyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 461 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Rushani | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xēyd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khufi | |
| Lexeme | xōy-, xēd- | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | ESIJa: 3, 460 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Turkish | |
| Lexeme | okumak | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ottoman Turkish | |
| Lexeme | okumak (اوقومق) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Redhouse, James W. (1890) A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 261 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | okumaa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Gagauzça-rusça-romınca sözlük = Гагаузско-русско-румынский словарь = Dicţionar găgăuz-rus-român / Fundaţia pentru susţinerea şi dezvoltarea ştiinţei şi culturii găgăuzilor "CAINAC"; alcăt. P. Cebotari, I. Dron. - Ch.: PONTOS, 2002 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tatar | |
| Lexeme | уку | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Kyrghyz | |
| Lexeme | окуу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Judaxin (ed.) 1957 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bashkir | |
| Lexeme | уҡыу | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | Китапты беренсенән бишенсе бүлеккә тиклем уҡыу. Уны ҡышын класташ малайҙар менән журналдың һәр һаны теткеләнгәнсе уҡый инек. Бөгөн дә мин үҙ шиғырҙарын башҡаларға һеңдерерҙәй итеп уҡый алмаған шағирҙарға шикләнеңкерәп ҡарайым. To read the book from the first to the fifth chapter. In the winters, we used to read it (together) with classmate boys until (we) tore each issue of the journal into pieces. Also today, I look with some doubt at (those) poets (who) cannot read their poems so that they make an imprint in others('s minds). |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Олораҡ балалар күрше ауыл мәктәбенә йөрөп уҡыны. Older children went to the school in the neighbor village. |
| Reference | Bashkir Uraksin 1996 English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lisu | |
| Lexeme | so⁴⁴ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mang (Austroasiatic) | |
| Lexeme | ʔɛp.55 | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Nogai | |
| Lexeme | окув | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Uzbek | |
| Lexeme | oʻqimoq | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Telugu | |
| Lexeme | paṭhanamu (పఠనము) | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Brown Telugu dictionary: 699 IDS | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Khams Tibetan | |
| Lexeme | ɬuʔ⁵³ | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tsez | |
| Lexeme | тІетІра | |
| Meaning 1 | to read | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
| Reference | IDS NorthEuraLex | |
| Comment | CLICS-3 |
|
| NEW Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | قَرَأَ qaraˀa | |
| Meaning 1 | to read, recite | (قَرَأَ بصوت مسموع (~ جهرا to read aloud |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to learn, study | قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ He read, or recited (as a teacher, or an informant), to him the Quran (as a pupil, or learner). |
| Reference | Lane: 2503 | |
| Comment | قَرَأَ signifies properly "he read, or recited, the Scripture chanting"; like as أَنْشَدَ properly signifies “he recited” poetry “chanting with a high voice", for Scripture and poetry are usually chanted. Then, he read, or recited, anything in any manner, without, or from, or in, a book. (Lane ibid.) to read aloud -> to read (= recite) -> to study. learn |
|
In Iranian languages 'to sing, to recite, to read aloud' → 'to read' → 'to learn, study' from Proto-Iranian *hu̯an-, *hun 'to sound', 'to speak loudly, to recite, to sing' ЭСИЯ 3, 459-461.
Proto-Turkic *okï- 'to call', 'to read' ЭСТЯ 1, 439-441
CLICS-3 504-724