to read
—
to learn, study
12 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Thai | |
Lexeme | ān | |
Meaning 1 | to read, to declaim | ān nay jay 'to read silently' |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to study, to grasp | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Morev 1964, 884 |
ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tabassaran | |
Lexeme | urχub | |
Meaning 1 | to read | кагъаз урхуб 'to read a letter' |
Meaning 2 | to study | йиз чвуччву институтдиъ урхура 'My brother goes to university.' |
Reference | ||
Comment | (TabRus 299). The same in Agul (РУХАС). |
ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Wakhi | |
Lexeme | ǰoy- | |
Meaning 1 | to read | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | to study | |
Reference | ||
Comment | ЭСИЯ 3, 271, Стеблин-Каменский 1999, 200 |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Adyghe | |
Lexeme | еджэн (jeǯen) | |
Meaning 1 | to read | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to study | |
Reference | Šaov 1975: 106 Txarkaxo 1991: 77 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Lezgian | |
Lexeme | k’elun | |
Meaning 1 | to read | ктаб кIелун 'to read a book' |
Meaning 2 | to study | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (LezgRus 216). Тthe same in the Udi К1АЛ-ПЕСУН, where the root К1АЛ- is possibly related. |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Azerbaijani | |
Lexeme | oxu- | |
Meaning 1 | to read | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to study | |
Reference | ARRAL | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Farsi | |
Lexeme | خواندن xānd-an | |
Meaning 1 | to read | اين كتاب را خواندم in ketāb rā xānd-am 'I read this book' |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to study | زبان انگليسي ميخوانم zabān-e englisi mi-xān-am 'I am learning English' |
Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 574 | |
Comment | The same in many other Iranic languages ЭСИЯ 3, 459 |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Classical Arabic | |
Lexeme | darasa | |
Meaning 1 | to read (a book) | |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | to study, to attend lessons by such and such professor | |
Reference | ||
Comment | BK I 688. The direction of shift is rather from B to A. The Hebrew cognate drš has the meaning 'to seek, to enquire about, to investigete, to search' (HALOT 233) - probably this develops into 'to study', and hence into 'to read'. |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Swahili | |
Lexeme | soma | |
Meaning 1 | to read | soma kitabu 'to read a book' |
Meaning 2 | to study | alianza kusomea uhandisi wa ndege 'He started studying aircraft engineering' |
Reference | ||
Comment | Polikanov |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Thao | |
Lexeme | shupilh | |
Meaning 1 | to read | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
Reference | ACD | |
Comment | Also 'to count'. See also in close related Bunun ma-sipul 'to count' and 'study, learn', but not 'to read'. |
NEW Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Selkup | |
Lexeme | то̄ргу | |
Meaning 1 | to read | мат то̄рбам 'I have read' |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to learn, study | Нача́ӷэт то́рӽат хи́мияп, арк уро́калап 'There they studied chemistry and other lessons.' |
Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Ingush | |
Lexeme | деша | |
Meaning 1 | to read | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to learn, study | |
Reference | Bekova et al. 2009 | |
Comment |