to strike, hit
→
to play (a musical instrument)
14 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme | mätta | |
| Meaning 1 | ''to beat, to hit' | wəššawən bädulla yəmättal näbbär 'he was beating the dog with a stick' (Leslau 1973:99) |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'to pluck (a stringed instrument), to play (the drum, violin)' | bägäna mätta 'to play the begena-harp' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (K 241) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Azerbaijani | |
| Lexeme | çal- | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments | |
| Reference | ARRAL: 58 | |
| Comment | The same in other Turk. Languages, cf. Turk.çal- (ТуРС 166). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tabassaran | |
| Lexeme | jiwub | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit, to give a dab, to batter | гъирмаж йивуб to strike with a whip |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments, music | чюнгюр йивуб to play the chungur |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (TabRus 184) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | цал- | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit, to throw | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play (musical instruments) | чалгъы чалына Music is being played |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КРПС 611-612, 622. Cf. The derivatives цалгъы 'music', цалгъыцы 'musicians'. The forms in ч- are dialectal. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḍaraba | |
| Meaning 1 | 'to beat (frapper, battre)' | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'to play (a guitarre, etc.) (pincer, toucher, jouer (de la guitare, etc.))' | ḍaraba l-ʔālāt-i 'to play musical instruments' (Il joue des instruments de musique) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | BK II 16 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme | jewen | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit someone | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments, music | шыкIэпщынэм ео plays the violin |
| Reference | Šaov 1975: 110 Txarkaxo 1991: 79 | |
| Comment | In Txarkaxo 1991 - еон |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swahili | |
| Lexeme | piga | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit, to batter | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play | piga baragumu; piga ngoma (gitaa, tarumbeta n. k.) to blow the horn, to play the drum, the trumpet, the guitar etc. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Polikanov | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lezgian | |
| Lexeme | jaʁun | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit, to beat | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments, music | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LezgRus 400) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Maranao | |
| Language 2 | Tagalog | |
| Lexeme 1 | togtog | |
| Lexeme 2 | tugtog | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The Proto-Austronesian *CugCug 'to strike'. The second meaning is present also in the languages: Pangasinan, Cebuano. Сирк 2008, 156-157 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | zabṭa | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | salas zabbəṭṭo ʔəgəl la-ḥante wārayu He hits thrice the one who once threatened him |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play musical instruments | ʕəndər tarfa ḥaḳoki man zabbəṭṭo ʔəb bāzā; The flute was left behind (=at your back), who plays the "baza" melody on it? 'And the musicians play flutes' (PPEA I 209:7-8) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LH 499 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| Lexeme | poona | |
| Meaning 1 | to bang, beat, knock, pound | Yoóko empo puetata ponne Tommorrow you will be knocking at the door |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | toplay (instrument, radio, phonograph) | |
| Reference | Dictionary Yaqui: 126 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | toxar | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play (a musical instrument) | |
| Reference | Mikeladze, Gigashvili 2012: 355 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Batsbi | |
| Lexeme | tepxar | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play (a musical instrument) | |
| Reference | Mikeladze, Gigashvili 2012: 341 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yaqui (Hiaki) | |
| Lexeme | hipona | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat drum | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to play music in general | |
| Reference | Dictionary Yaqui | |
| Comment | ||
The semantic shift, apparently, is originally associated with playing percussion (and, possibly, stringed) instruments. Later the verb begins to denote playing on any (including wind) instruments, and derivatives from it can even denote music in general (as in Karaim).