miserable, unhappy
↔
poor, needy
13 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Turkish | |
Lexeme | cıbır | |
Meaning 1 | poor | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | poor, miserable | |
Reference | Baskakov 1977: 153 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Sanskrit | |
Lexeme | glep | |
Meaning 1 | to be poor | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | to be unhappy | |
Reference | ||
Comment | Кочергина 200 |
ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Czech | |
Lexeme | bída | |
Meaning 1 | trouble, misery [Павлович 1976: 31] | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | poverty, misery, need | |
Reference | ||
Comment | In Serb., Mac. 'беда' there are both meanings. In Bulg., Rus. 'беда' means only 'trouble'. In Pol. bieda means only 'poverty'. Cf. Rus. Бедный (poor). |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Russian | |
Lexeme | bednyj | |
Meaning 1 | poor | a. Бедный человек 'Poor person'. b. Бедная деревня 'Poor village'. |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | unhappy, miserable | Бедная! как она мало жила, как она много любила. (Некрасов) Poor thing! What a short life she lived, how much she loved! (Nekrasov) |
Reference | ||
Comment | Cf. Russian БЕДНЯК (poor person) vs. БЕДНЯГА (poor thing). |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | German | |
Lexeme | arm | |
Meaning 1 | poor | arm wie eine Kirchenmaus poor like a churche mouse |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | miserable | du armes Würstchen! you poоr thing! |
Reference | Duden | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Lezgian | |
Lexeme | kesib | |
Meaning 1 | poor | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | miserable | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (LezgRus 156) |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | French | |
Lexeme | misère | |
Meaning 1 | misfortune, trouble; misery, failure; suffering | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | poverty, misery, need | vivre dans la misère to live in poverty |
Reference | Robert historique: 2251 | |
Comment | Borrowed from Lat. miseria 'misfortuner' in 12th century. The meaning 1 has become obsolete. |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | French | |
Lexeme | pauvre | |
Meaning 1 | unhappy, miserable | Mon pauvre mari le disait bien. My poor husband said that. |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | poor | Ses parents étaient trop pauvres pour qu'il fasse des études. His parents were too poor to let him study. |
Reference | Larousse online | |
Comment | Lat. pauper has only the meaning 'poor' |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Hungarian | |
Lexeme | szegény | |
Meaning 1 | miserable | Szegény kis gyermek, nem hagyják játszani! Poor little child, they do not let him play! |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | poor | szegény, mint a templom egere as poor as a church mouse |
Reference | MEK 1978 Gal’di 1987: 680 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | English | |
Lexeme | poor | |
Meaning 1 | miserable | Poor kid, he’s had a rough day. |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | poor | Her family were so poor they couldn’t afford to buy her new clothes. |
Reference | LDOCE | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Icelandic | |
Lexeme | armur | |
Meaning 1 | miserable, unhappy | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | poor, needy | |
Reference | Berkov et al. 1962 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Turkish | |
Lexeme | fakir | |
Meaning 1 | miserable, unhappy | |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | poor, needy | |
Reference | Baskakov 1977: 287 | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Abaza | |
Lexeme | чвкьащ | |
Meaning 1 | miserable, unhappy | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | poor, needy | |
Reference | Tugov 1967: 433 | |
Comment | lit. 'shabby, bare' |