to emit smoke
→
to smoke (tobacco)
17 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Amharic | |
| Lexeme 1 | č̣äsä | |
| Lexeme 2 | ač̣äsä | |
| Meaning 1 | 'to fume, smolder (fire)' | mədəğğa wəsṭ and nägär yəč̣ässal 'something is fuming in the fireplace' (Leslau 1973:497) |
| Meaning 2 | 'to smoke (a pipe or cigarette' | pipa ač̣ässallähu 'I smoke a pipe' (Leslau 1973:1196) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | K 2219 | |
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Arabic | |
| Language 2 | Serbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | duhān | |
| Lexeme 2 | дуван (duvan) | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke (tobacco) | Ama zašto ne pušiš duvan? But why don't you smoke tobacco? |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Borrowed via Turkish |
|
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Croatian | |
| Lexeme 1 | pušiti se | |
| Lexeme 2 | pušiti | |
| Meaning 1 | to emit smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke (tobacco) | pušiti cigare, pušiti lulu to smoke cigars, to smoke a pipe |
| Reference | HJP | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Czech | |
| Lexeme | kouřit | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | |
| Reference | Pavlovič 1976: 191 | |
| Comment | The Rus. курить has only meaning B. But there are derivatives preserving meaning A: куриться, воскуривать. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme | ryge | |
| Meaning 1 | to emit smoke | rygende skorsten a fireplace emitting smoke |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | ryge cigaretter to smoke cigarettes |
| Reference | DDO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | smoke | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | fumer | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke, to reek | une cheminée d'usine qui fume a factory chimney that emits smoke |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | fumer la pipe to smoke a pipe |
| Reference | Larousse online | |
| Comment | The same Ital. fumare, Span. Fumar | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | German | |
| Lexeme | rauchen | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke, to reek | die Lampe raucht the lamp is smoking |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Also: Dutch rooken, Swed. röka, Dan. Ryge. | |
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hill Mari | |
| Lexeme | шӹкштӓш | |
| Meaning 1 | to emit smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke (tobacco) | |
| Reference | Savatkova 2008 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | svæla | |
| Meaning 1 | to make suffocate with smoke, to besmoke | svæla tófu úr greni to smoke a fox out of its hole |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke (colloq.) | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Берков | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Karaim | |
| Lexeme | тютюнь | |
| Meaning 1 | smoke, vapour | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | tobacco, cigarettes | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КРПС 571., the same in Turkish. The Rum. tutun, Ucr. тютюн 'tobacco' are from Turk. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | тшынасьны | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | некымынлаын тшынасисны бипуръяс in several places |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | аюлов тшынасисны ён табакöн Men were smoking strong tobacco |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КомиРС 667 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Modern Greek | |
| Lexeme | καπνίζω | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Nganasan | |
| Lexeme 1 | кинтəʒысы | |
| Lexeme 2 | кинтəлəбтыʔкуйси | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | |
| Reference | Kosterkina, Momde, Ždanova 2001: 64 | |
| Comment | noun кинтə 'smoke'. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | dymit' | |
| Meaning 1 | to smoke | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke | Вася стоял на крыльце и дымил. Vasia was standing on the steps and smoking. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Serbian | |
| Lexeme 1 | пушити се (pušiti se) | |
| Lexeme 2 | пушити (pušiti) | |
| Meaning 1 | to emit smoke | Врх Везува непрестано се пуши. Mount Vesuvius is constantly smoking. |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to smoke (tobacco) | пушити цигарету, пушити на лулу to smoke a cigarette, to smoke a pipe |
| Reference | Vujanitsh et al. 2007: 1099 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Welsh | |
| Lexeme 1 | myg | |
| Lexeme 2 | mygglys | |
| Meaning 1 | smoke | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | tobacco | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
Buck 534-535