to strike, hit
→
to kill
24 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | sarbh | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 712 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | slá | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | slá hnefanum í borðið to hit the table with a fist |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | slá tvær flugur í einu höggi to kill two birds with one stone (saying) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Берков | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | çaṭh | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | "To deceive" is cited as the first meaning Кочергина 633 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | caedo, -ere | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | bit' | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | a. Не бей ребенка 'Do not beat the child'. b. Бить больно 'to beat painfully'. c. Бить кого-нибудь по голове 'to beat someone on the head'. |
| Meaning 2 | to kill (generally animals) | a. Скот бьют на бойне. 'Cattle is slaughtered in a butchery.' b. Бить рыбу острогою. 'To kill fish with a gig.' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (Ushakov). Cf. also Russian стучать - пристукнуть. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme | ferio, -ire | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit, to push | nec semper feriet quodcurrique minabitur arcus the bow does not always hit the target it threatened |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to slaughter, to kill, to decapitate | |
| Reference | Dvoreckij 1976 | |
| Comment | (Glare 686-687) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | θείνω | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | |
| Meaning 2 | to strike to death, to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (LSJ 787) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Romanian | |
| Lexeme | a ucide | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | DEX98 | |
| Comment | DEX98 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Old High German | |
| Language 2 | Old Norse | |
| Lexeme 1 | treffan | |
| Lexeme 2 | drepa | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | |
| Meaning 2 | to beat, to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | In modern Icelandic there is the polysemy: drepa 1) kill; 2) strike, beat, hit (Berkov) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | bit' | |
| Lexeme 2 | ubit' | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | Мальчик бил собаку. A boy was beating a dog. |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | Мальчик убил собаку. A boy killed a dog. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Gagauz | |
| Lexeme | ur- | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit, to knock | капуйа урмаа to knock at the door |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ГРМС 486. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yazghulami | |
| Lexeme | da- | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭСИЯ 2, 443 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Komi | |
| Lexeme | тотшкыны | |
| Meaning 1 | to knock | öдзöсö тотшкыны to knock at the door |
| Meaning 2 | to slaughter (animal) | тотшкыны порсьöс to slaughter a pig |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | КомиРС 645 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | han | |
| Meaning 1 | to strike , beat (also a drum) , pound , hammer | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW1287, Кочергина 769 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | κόπτω | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat, to hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Akkadian | |
| Lexeme | maḫāṣu | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit | ina maḫāṣim ša libbīša uštaddiši he has made her lose her child by beating (her) |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | ša ḫarrān šarri ana nēšī maḫāṣim of the royal expedition to kill lions |
| Reference | CAD | |
| Comment | CAD m 1, 73, 75 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | khai | |
| Meaning 1 | to strike , injure | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | MW | |
| Comment | MW 340, Кочергина 186 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Sanskrit | |
| Lexeme | çiṣ (çéṣati) | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Кочергина 647 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hittite | |
| Lexeme | kwen-, kun- | |
| Meaning 1 | to beat | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Buck 552 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Lithuanian | |
| Lexeme | dóbti | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit, to beat | dóbti šùnį to beat the dog |
| Meaning 2 | to kill (with a heavy object) | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LRŽ 152 | |
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Malay | |
| Lexeme | bantai | |
| Meaning 1 | to strike, beat | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to slaughter (cattle) | |
| Reference | Rott et al. 1977.: 35 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Old English | |
| Lexeme | slēan | |
| Meaning 1 | to strike, hit | Þā spǣtton hīe on his ansīene and bēoton hine mid heora fȳstum. Sume hine slōgon mid heora brādum handum and cwǣdon, "Sæġe ūs, Crist, hwæt is sē þe þē slōg"? (Wessex Gospels, Matthew 26:67-8) Then they spat in his face and beat him with their fists. Some of them slapped him [literally "hit him with their broad hands"] and said, "Tell us, Messiah! Who is it that hit you?" |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | Sē hæġl slōg eall þā þing þe ūte wǣron, ǣġðer ġe menn ġe nīetenu ( Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Exodus 9:25). The hail killed everything that was outside, both people and animals. |
| Reference | Bosworth, Toller English Wiktionary | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Abaza | |
| Lexeme | щра | |
| Meaning 1 | to strike, hit | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | Tugov 1967: 453-454 | |
| Comment | In Tugov 1967 the meaning 'to kill' is marked as first. |
|
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Wantoat | |
| Lexeme | tänguke | |
| Meaning 1 | to hit | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to kill | |
| Reference | Davis, Dangepnana 2012: 125 | |
| Comment | ||