paper
↔
letter (text)
19 realizations
Related shifts
ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Lezgian | |
Lexeme | čar | |
Meaning 1 | paper; sheet of paper | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | letter; document | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (LezgRus 367) |
ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Aghul | |
Lexeme | k'eǯ | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | letter | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (Sulejmanov 2003) |
ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Lezgian | |
Lexeme | kaʁɨz | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter; document | |
Reference | ||
Comment | (LezgRus 147). The same in Tabassaran (КАГЪАЗ), cf. (TabRus 188). |
ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Gagauz | |
Lexeme | kiyat | |
Meaning 1 | paper | йазмак кийады writing paper |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter | кийат каблетмää to get a letter |
Reference | ||
Comment | ГРМС 268. |
ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Farsi | |
Lexeme | كاغذ kāġaz | |
Meaning 1 | paper | كاغذ خطدار kāġaz-e xatdār ruled paper |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | كاغذ فرستادن kāġaz ferestādan To send a letter |
Reference | Rubinčik 1970: 297 | |
Comment |
ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Archi | |
Lexeme | kaʁəra | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | From Farsi. In Kibrik et al. (eds.) 1977 only 'paper' |
ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Gurindji | |
Lexeme | mirlimirli | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book'. From Jaru mirlimirli 'paper', Tharrgari mirli 'paperbark tree' |
ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Hup | |
Lexeme | cug’æ̌t | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book'. historically the same as 'leaf'. Possibly from j’ug-g’æt 'forest-leaf' |
ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Kali'na (Carib) | |
Lexeme | kaleta | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book', 'birth certificate', 'postcard', 'newspaper', 'government document'. From Spanish carta 'letter' |
ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Malagasy | |
Lexeme | taratàsy | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 From Arabian qartās 'paper' |
ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Q'eqchi' | |
Lexeme | hu | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book' |
ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | White Hmong (Hmong Daw) | |
Lexeme | ntawv | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book', 'postcard'; ‘book’ requires stack classifier phau, ‘letter’ and ‘postcard’ require message classifier tsab |
ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Tzotzil | |
Lexeme | vun | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | → | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | World Loanword Database | |
Comment | CLICS-3 Also 'book', 'document', from the Proto-Mayan word for 'a type of bark (amate)' |
ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Hani | |
Lexeme | so³¹ɣa³¹ | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
Comment | CLICS-3 |
ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Jinuo (Jino) | |
Lexeme | a³³pjo³³ | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | Sūn 1991 | |
Comment | CLICS-3 |
NEW Realization 16 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Selkup | |
Lexeme | на́гыр ~ на́гэр | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | Consolidated Selkup | |
Comment |
NEW Realization 17 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Classical Armenian | |
Lexeme | tʿułtʿ (թուղթ) | |
Meaning 1 | paper | tʿułtʿ uruagrutʿean (թուղթ ուրուագրութեան) drawing-paper |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | tʿułtʿ aṙakʿel (թուղթ առաքել) to send a letter |
Reference | Ačaṙean | |
Comment | According to Ačaṙyan, derived by metathesis from earlier *թութղ (*tʿutʿł), from Latin titulus 'inscription, title, label'. Thus, the sense of 'letter, epistle' is the original one; the meaning 'paper' developed later. In Modern Armenian tʿułtʿ (թուղթ) 'paper', '(rare) letter, epistle'. |
NEW Realization 18 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Albanian | |
Lexeme | letër | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | ← | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | <personally collected data> | |
Comment | from Italian lettera, ultimately from Latin littera |
NEW Realization 19 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Polysemy | |
Language | Batsbi | |
Lexeme | kaɣald | |
Meaning 1 | paper | |
Direction | — | |
Meaning 2 | letter (text) | |
Reference | Bertlani (ed.) 2013: 367 | |
Comment |