rough, uneven
→
rude, impolite
10 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | ḫašin-, ʔaḫšan- | |
| Meaning 1 | 'rough, harsh, coarse' | ʔarḍ-un ḫašnat-un ''rough, or rugged, ground or land'' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | 'unpleasant, difficult to cope with' | huwa ḫašin-u l-ğānib-i ''he is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with'' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Lane 745. It has been borrowed in Pers. хäшäн 'rough, hard (to touch); rude, severe (person)' ПРС 312. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | rough | |
| Meaning 1 | uneven, rought | rough surface 'rough surface' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rude, unpleasant, inconsiderate | rough manners 'rough manners' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | OERD 1256 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme | grubyj | |
| Meaning 1 | coarse, rough | грубая ткань 'coarse fabric' |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | rude | грубое обращение 'rude treatment' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Yakut | |
| Lexeme | көhүү | |
| Meaning 1 | hard, rough | көhүүн таҥас 'gunny, burlap' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | unsociable | көhүүн киhи 'bad mixer' |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЯРС 182. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Norwegian | |
| Lexeme | grov | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | grov hud 'rough skin' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rude, impolite | være grov i munnen 'to use bad language' |
| Reference | BO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Danish | |
| Lexeme | grov | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | disrespectful | grove ord 'rude words' |
| Reference | DDO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Swedish | |
| Lexeme | grov | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | en grov handduk 'a rough towel' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | ill-mannered | han är grov i munnen 'he uses bad language' |
| Reference | SAO | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | grófur | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rude, impolite | hann er oft grófur í tali 'he often uses bad language' |
| Reference | ISLEX | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme | rude | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | des mains à la peau rude 'hands with rough skin' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rude, impolite | des hommes aux manières rudes 'men with bad manners' |
| Reference | Larousse online | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Hungarian | |
| Lexeme | durva | |
| Meaning 1 | rough, uneven | durva bőr 'rough skin' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | rude, impolite | durva tréfa 'rude joke' |
| Reference | Гальди 1974: 137 | |
| Comment | ||