cattle
↔
property, possessions
27 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Gothic | |
| Language 2 | Old Slavonic | |
| Lexeme 1 | skatts | |
| Lexeme 2 | скотъ | |
| Meaning 1 | money | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | cattle | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Фасмер 3, 655, Old Icel. skattr 'tax', Old Sax. skat 'coin, wealth', Germ. Schatz 'treasure' Old Slav. Сл. 607, Lehmann 309 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Welsh | |
| Lexeme | da | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | goods | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Also da byw lit. 'live goods' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigrinya | |
| Lexeme | ṭərit | |
| Meaning 1 | livestock | ʔəti ṣärä zäraʔti baləʕ nəməṭfaʔ zənəṣṣäg zällo mädhanit ʔab ləʕli ṭərit mot kämzäsʕabä gäliṣu 'explaining that the insecticide sprayed to destroy grain-eating pests would cause livestock to die' |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | riches, wealth, goods, property, possessions, estate | bəḥtawi ṭərit 'personal, private property' |
| Reference | TED: 2434 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Irish Gaelic | |
| Lexeme | airnēis | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | goods, possessions, furniture | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Possible loanword cf. Middle English harneis 'equipment' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Old Norse | |
| Language 2 | Latvian | |
| Lexeme 1 | naut | |
| Lexeme 2 | nauda | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | property, money | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Cf. Got. niutan, Old Eng. Nēotan 'enjoy, make use of, obtain' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | English | |
| Lexeme | stock | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | fund, property | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | The meaning of 'cattle' has been registered since the 16th century, the word livestock since the 18th. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Old Sweden | |
| Language 2 | Swedish | |
| Lexeme | boskap | |
| Meaning 1 | household, household goods, property | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | cattle | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | From bo 'house' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tuvan | |
| Lexeme | кошкул | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | πρόβατον | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | movables | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LSJ 1471 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Latin | |
| Lexeme 1 | pecus | |
| Lexeme 2 | pecunia | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions, wealth | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | (Glare 1317) | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language 1 | Turkish | |
| Language 2 | Old Turkic | |
| Lexeme 1 | dawar | |
| Lexeme 2 | тавар | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Pashto | |
| Language 2 | Khwaresmian | |
| Lexeme 1 | bodá | |
| Lexeme 2 | bdwn | |
| Meaning 1 | beast animals | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭСИЯ 2, 135 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | nəway | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions, money | |
| Reference | WTS: 335 | |
| Comment | Cf. Also the Ge'ez nəway 'possessions, homeware'. The direction is possibly B > A. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Polish | |
| Lexeme | dobytek | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | ЭССЯ 5, 47,49 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Evenki | |
| Lexeme | абду, авду (abdu, avdu) | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle, herd | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | household, possessions | |
| Reference | Vasilevič 1958: 11, 13, 14 Boldyrev 2000: 1, 13 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Old Irish | |
| Lexeme | indile | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | cf. Old Bret. endlim 'possessions', Welsh Ennil, yinnill 'profit' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Welsh | |
| Lexeme 1 | gwartheg | |
| Lexeme 2 | gwerth | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | worth, value | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Buck 153 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Tigre | |
| Lexeme | ʔənsus | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle, domestic animals | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | property | |
| Reference | WTS: 372 | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Old East Slavic | |
| Lexeme | скотъ | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions, money | Начаша скотъ събирати отъ мужа 4 куны, а отъ старостъ по 10 гри |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | Срезневский 387-388, Ларин Б. А. Лекции по истории русского литературного языка (X - XVIII в.) СПб., 2005, с. 92 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Icelandic | |
| Lexeme | fé | |
| Meaning 1 | livestock; cattle, chiefly sheep | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | money | koma heim með fullar hendur fjár 'to come home with hands full of money' |
| Reference | ISLEX | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Cognates | |
| Language 1 | Tigrinya | |
| Language 2 | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme 1 | mal | |
| Lexeme 2 | māl- | |
| Meaning 1 | herd (of livestock) | bəgulḥay məḵnəyat maläy kʷəllu ʕaribu 'All my cattle have perished on account of an epizootic disease. ' |
| Direction | ← | |
| Meaning 2 | possessions, money ('bien, fortune, avoir, argent, richesses') | |
| Reference | BK: II 147 TED: 1847 | |
| Comment | Cf. also Classical Arab. māl- 'troupeau de chameaux' (a flock of camels) (BK II 147); Tigrinya mal 'goods, property, wealth' (now obsolete) (TED 318). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Borrowing | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Breton | |
| Lexeme 1 | solidus | |
| Lexeme 2 | saout | |
| Meaning 1 | golden coin; later - money, possessions | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | cattle | |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | saout < solt | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Somali | |
| Lexeme | xoolo | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | ↔ | |
| Meaning 2 | property, possessions; wealth | |
| Reference | Alejnikov 2012: 356 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Soqotri | |
| Lexeme 1 | ḳénho | |
| Lexeme 2 | ḳén(h)o | |
| Meaning 1 | property, possessions | ho
wu-ŝáḳar itími díki ḳénho ešífton (CSOL
I 7:4); ŝi al-ˁeḳáḷo ľa éˀefo wa-ľa ḳénho
ˁaṭaf féred éˀefo wa-ˀékeb gezíre (CSOL I 8:2) ' We are
competing over our cattle; she
spared nothing, neither people nor cattle. And people fled from there and
scattered throughout the island. |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | animals, cattle | |
| Reference | CSOL I: 590 CSOL II: 514 LS: 378 | |
| Comment | From Proto-MSA root ḳny “to suckle” | |
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| Lexeme 1 | קָנָה qānā | |
| Lexeme 2 | מִקְנֶה miqnä | |
| Meaning 1 | to possess | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | livestock, cattle | |
| Reference | HALOT: root no. 8423, 5594 | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language | Classical Arabic | |
| Lexeme | اقْتَنَى ˀiqtanā (VIII stem) | |
| Meaning 1 | to possess | ' |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to acquire cattle (camels) | |
| Reference | Lane: 2994 Baranov | |
| Comment | The same is demonstrated in the I st stem as well: قَنَا غَنَمًا qanā ˁanaman "he acquired goats (sheep)." (to possess -> to breed cattle). |
|
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Adyghe | |
| Lexeme | былым | |
| Meaning 1 | cattle | |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | property, possessions | |
| Reference | Txarkaxo 1991: 39 | |
| Comment | ||
Buck 143-145. Benveniste 1995 argues in favor of semantic development 'property' -> 'cattle' in Greek and Latin.