to have, possess
→
to be, exist
7 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
-
Comment
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Aghul | |
| Lexeme | qaa | |
| Meaning 1 | to be behind, next to | gada rakːaq qaa The boy is standing behind the door (= is). |
| Meaning 2 | to have, to possess (permanently) | zaq sa ruš-na sa gada qaa I have a daughter and a son. |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | In the same way, the stative faa (originally 'to be near') means temporal being in a place (Majsak, Merdanova 2002). | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Ancient Greek | |
| Lexeme | ἔχω | |
| Meaning 1 | to hold, to have, to posses | |
| Meaning 2 | to dwell, to populate | οἱ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἔχοντες (Xenophon) those who populate Asia (lit. those who are in Asia) |
| Reference | ||
| Comment | LSJ 749-751 | |
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Bulgarian | |
| Lexeme | имат | |
| Meaning 1 | to have, possess | той има много пари he has a lot of money |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be, exist | Има ли някой тук? Is there someone here? |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | French | |
| Lexeme 1 | avoir | |
| Lexeme 2 | y avoir | |
| Meaning 1 | to have | Il a beaucoup d'argent He has a lot of money |
| Direction | — | |
| Meaning 2 | to be (in an impersonal construction) | Y a-t-il quelqu'un ici ? Is there someone here? |
| Reference | Larousse online | |
| Comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Semantic evolution | |
| Language 1 | Latin | |
| Language 2 | Spanish | |
| Lexeme 1 | habeo | |
| Lexeme 2 | hay | |
| Meaning 1 | to possess | habere magnam pecuniam to have a lot of money |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be, exist | Había mucha gente en la conferencia There were a lot of people at the lecture |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | Cf. for the meaning 1 in Spanish: haber (n.) 'property' |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Polysemy | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| Lexeme | yǒu (有) | |
| Meaning 1 | to have | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be | sòng cháo de shí hòu yǒu gè yuè fēi (宋朝的时候有个岳飞) In the Song Dynasty, there was Yue Fei |
| Reference | BKRS | |
| Comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type | Derivation | |
| Language | Russian | |
| Lexeme 1 | иметь (imet') | |
| Lexeme 2 | иметься (imet'sja) | |
| Meaning 1 | to have | |
| Direction | → | |
| Meaning 2 | to be | На складе имеются покрышки. There are tyres in the warehouse. |
| Reference | <personally collected data> | |
| Comment | ||