Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Albanian | |
| lexeme | rob | |
| meaning 1 | prisoner of war | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (historical) slave | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Croatian | |
| lexeme 1 | zarobljenik | |
| lexeme 2 | rob | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | HJP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme | rab | |
| meaning 1 | captive | Az egri vitézek sok török rabot ejtettek. The Eger warriors captured many Turkish prisoners. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | A rabszolgatársadalom termelésének alapja a rabok kényszermunkája volt. The basis of production in slave society was the forced labor of slaves. |
| reference | MEK 1978 | |
| comment | The word is borrowed from one of the South Slavic languages [Zaicz 2006: 601]. |
|
| NEW Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kurmanji Kurdish | |
| lexeme | dilbend | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Kurdoev 1960 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kurmanji Kurdish | |
| lexeme | hesir | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Kurdoev 1960 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Maltese | |
| lexeme | lsir | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ottoman Turkish | |
| lexeme | esir (اسیر) | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Redhouse 1890 | |
| comment | Borrowed from Arabic أَسِير (ʔasīr, “prisoner of war, captive”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr- (“captive”). Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 59 https://books.google.com/books?id=oFbmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA59 |
|
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Portuguese | |
| lexeme | cativo | |
| meaning 1 | captive, prisoner | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | DPLP | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Rengao | |
| lexeme | manăʹ | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Gregerson & Gregerson 2026: 169 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Serbian | |
| lexeme | роб (rob) | |
| meaning 1 | captive | Sarajevska crkvena opština tada se brojila u najznatnije u patrijaršiji. Ona je drugim crkvama dijelila odežde i razne utvari, otkupljala robove od Turaka itd. At that time, the Sarajevo church municipality was considered one of the most important in the patriarchate. She distributed clothes and various apparitions to other churches, redeemed captives from the Turks, etc. |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | Tu je ognjište. Oko njega su se okupljali gospodar i robovi , primale su se posete, tu se jelo, radilo… There is a fireplace. The master and the slaves gathered around it, received visitors, ate there, worked... |
| reference | РСЈ: 1168 PDRS (Serbian Web) | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tajiki | |
| lexeme | барда | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Raximi, Uspenskaja 1954 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | esir | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Urdu | |
| lexeme | bandī (بندی) | |
| meaning 1 | captive, prisoner | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | Borrowed from Classical Persian bandī (بندی ) 'prisoner' |
|
| NEW Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Welsh | |
| lexeme | caethwas | |
| meaning 1 | captive | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | slave | |
| reference | Geiriadur | |
| comment | ||