auk penguin 3 realizations FAMILY: Indo-European
NEW Realization 1
type Polysemy
language English
lexeme woggin
meaning 1 great auk

1762, Journal of Micajah Coffin / logbook of the Sandwich, sloop of Nantucket, voyage of 1762, quoted by Olson and Lund (see further reading):

    4 mo 19th [19 April 1762] wind Started to Northward got on the [North Carolina Outer] Banks On the Latter Part Calm. Caught 10 wogens. […] 
    5 mo 10th [10 May 1762] the Wind Came Round to the Northward in a Flurry or hard Squall. Spoke with Seth Clark [master of an unidentified whaler]. Saw Wogæns. I Judge we are Nigh the Banks.

1775, logbook of the Desire, schooner of Wareham, Massachusetts, voyage of 1775–1775 to Davis Straits, quoted by Olson and Lund (see further reading):

    Sept 1775 [saw] wargins.

1793, Abraham Russell, caption on a sketch (in his school navigation book) of an auk, held in the New Bedford Whaling Museum:

    Sea Waggin found on the banks of Newfound Land.

direction
meaning 2 penguin

1792 December 20, Silvanus Crosby, logbook of the Asia, ship of Nantucket, Massachusetts, voyage of 1791–1794, quoted by Olson and Lund (see further reading):

    at 1 PM Sent our Boat on Shore After Some refreshments She returned with A Plenty of Woggins we Cooked Some for Supper.

1831, The Philadelphia Album and Ladies' Literary Port Folio, page 262:

    It was accordingly done by the command of the Captain, when the woggin, in a stately manner, walked as, and showed signs of happiness and contentment. He was perfectly tame, would suffer the approach of any one of the crew, ...

1831, Naval Journal, page 27:

    One of the crew leaped upon the whale, and the woggin came fearlessly to his hand, and was taken on board. On holding a consultation, it was, determined to kill the strange bird and make a purse of his skin; but one, more humane than the [others, saved him].

1880, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, a Popular Journal of General Literature, page 519:

    The White man looked over his shoulder, and slowly wrinkled his leathem cheeks into an encouraging smile. 'Like ter near killed a woggin,' replied he sententiously. 'Will be ashore in a brace of shakes.' […]

1887, W. H. Macy, beyond Desolation, in Ballou's Monthly Magazine, pages 234-5:

    "And there's a bag full of woggins' hearts, which we can roast on sticks, and who doubts that we shall make a heart-y supper?"

reference OED English Wiktionary
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Found from at least 1762 through the late 1800s, at first in reference to auks. Olson and Lund speculate it initially referred to auks, followed penguin in being applied to Southern penguins, and fell out of use for auks after they went extinct, and for penguins after being displaced by penguin.

Storrs L Olson, Judith N Lund, Whalers and woggins: a new vocabulary for interpreting some early accounts of the great auk and penguins (2007), in Archives of natural history 34 (1): 69–78

NEW Realization 2
type Microevolution
language English
lexeme penguin
meaning 1 (obsolete or historical) an auk (sometimes especially a great auk)

This last species of penguin, or auk, seems to be the same with the alca cirrhata of Dr. Pallis, Spicileg. Zool. Fasc. v. p. 7. tab. i. & v. fig. 1–3. F. (1772 March, “Account of the Settlement of the Malouines”, in The Gentleman's and London Magazine, page 166)

More than a hundred years ago, for example, was seen the last of the great wingless penguins or auks, which early writers quaintly called " wobble-birds." (1885, Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York)

direction
meaning 2 any of several flightless sea birds, of the family Spheniscidae within the order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage

Here are also birds cal'd Pen-gwins (white-head in Welch) like Pigmies walking upright, their finns or wings hanging very orderly downe like sleeves 

(1638, Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels, section I)

reference OED English Wiktionary
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First attested in the 16th century in reference to the auk of the Northern hemisphere; the word was later applied to the superficially similar birds of the Southern hemisphere

NEW Realization 3
type Polysemy
language French
lexeme pingouin
meaning 1 (scientific context) auk

Partout ailleurs, la côte est faite de falaises de laves, escarpées et arides. Là, d'énormes albatros et des pingouins stupides se comptent par centaines de mille (Verne, Enf. cap. Grant, t.2, 1868, p.21).

direction
meaning 2 (informal) penguin

 On nomme souvent à tort «pingouins» les manchots, oiseaux spéciaux à l'Antarctique, de constitution très différente, malgré une certaine analogie d'aspect due au plumage noir et blanc et à la station verticale à terre (Lar. encyclop.).

reference CNRTL
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