Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Afrikaans | |
| lexeme | dit | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | it (referring to non-personal singular nouns) | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From Dutch dit (“this”), from Middle Dutch dit, from Old Dutch thit. |
|
| NEW Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Akkadian | |
| lexeme | šī | |
| meaning 1 | that, this same (aforementioned feminine noun) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | CAD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Akkadian | |
| lexeme | šū | |
| meaning 1 | that, this same (aforementioned masculine noun) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | CAD | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Albanian | |
| lexeme | ai | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021), “ai”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian] https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=21924 |
|
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Greek | |
| lexeme | ὁ | |
| meaning 1 | (Epic) that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Epic) third-person singular | |
| reference | LSJ | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Ancient Greek | |
| language 2 | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | οὗτος | |
| lexeme 2 | ούτος | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | DSMG | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Ancient Greek | |
| language 2 | Apulia-Calabrian Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | ἐκεῖνος | |
| lexeme 2 | cino | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Armenian | |
| lexeme | na (նա) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | Gukasjan 1974 English Wiktionary | |
| comment | In the spoken language, նա (na) is much more often a personal pronoun than a demonstrative, with demonstrative function fulfilled by դա (da) or էնի (ēni), depending on register. |
|
| NEW Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Assamese | |
| lexeme | xi (সি) | |
| meaning 1 | (distal; familiar) that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | |
| lexeme | awa (ܗ̇ܘ) | |
| meaning 1 | (dialectal) that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he, it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language | Asturian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | elli | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Axininca | |
| lexeme 1 | irika, iroka, irinta, ironta, irintó, irontó | |
| lexeme 2 | irirori, iroori | |
| meaning 1 | this; that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | irika (M), iroka (F) ‘proximal’, irinta (M), ironta (F) ‘medial’ and irintó (M), irontó (F) ‘distal’ irirori ‘he’, iroori ‘she’ |
|
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Azerbaijani | |
| lexeme | o | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Azərbaycanca-rusca lüǧet 2006 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Basque | |
| lexeme | hura | |
| meaning 1 | that (far from speaker and listener) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | OEH | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bengali | |
| lexeme | śe (সে) | |
| meaning 1 | that (distal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Brahui | |
| lexeme | o | |
| meaning 1 | medial demonstrative | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 17 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Buriat | |
| lexeme | тэрэ | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Čeremisov 1973 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 18 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Burmese | |
| language 2 | Pela (Bolo) | |
| lexeme 1 | yang: (ယင်း) | |
| lexeme 2 | jɔ̃³¹ | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing) |
|
| NEW Realization 19 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cantonese Chinese | |
| lexeme | kei3 (其) | |
| meaning 1 | (Shenzhen) that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | (Shenzhen) third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 20 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Cebuano | |
| lexeme | siyá | |
| meaning 1 | this, that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 21 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Central Asmat | |
| lexeme | ar | |
| meaning 1 | proximal demonstrative | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Chagatai | |
| lexeme | ol, ul | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 23 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Classical Chinese | |
| lexeme | *ʔij (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | this; that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, him; she, her; it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 24 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Dhuwal | |
| language 2 | Gamilaraay | |
| lexeme 1 | nguru- | |
| lexeme 2 | nguru | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 25 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Egyptian | |
| lexeme | pw | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 26 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | se | |
| meaning 1 | that | Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit? That's what you meant by that? |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (colloquial or dialectal) he, she | Se vaan lähti. He just left. |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 27 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Finnish | |
| language 2 | Estonian | |
| lexeme 1 | tämä | |
| lexeme 2 | tema | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he/she (3rd person singular animate personal pronoun) | |
| reference | EKSS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 28 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gagauz | |
| lexeme | o | |
| meaning 1 | that | ver bana onu give that to me |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | onu tanêêrım I know him |
| reference | Gajdarži et al. 1973 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 29 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ganggalida | |
| lexeme | ṭanta | |
| meaning 1 | this one | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 30 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ganggalida | |
| lexeme | ṭant̪inta | |
| meaning 1 | that one | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Grand Valley Dani | |
| lexeme 1 | aty | |
| lexeme 2 | at | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 32 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Gujarati | |
| lexeme | te (તે) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third person singular distal personal pronoun: he, she, it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 33 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hawaiian | |
| lexeme 1 | kēlā (lā, ana) | |
| lexeme 2 | ia (lā in dual., pl.) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 34 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hindi | |
| lexeme | vah (वह) | |
| meaning 1 | that | vah makān baṛā hai (वह मकान बड़ा है।) That house is large. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it; that one (distal third person singular personal pronoun) | vah choṭā hai. (वह छोटा है। ) vah choṭī hai (वह छोटी है। ) He is small. She is small. |
| reference | McGregor 1993 | |
| comment | Platts, John T. (1884), A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |
|
| NEW Realization 35 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Hindi | |
| lexeme | yah (यह) | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | this one; he; she; it (proximal third person singular personal pronoun) | |
| reference | McGregor 1993 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 36 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Japanese | |
| lexeme 1 | ano (あの) + hito (人) | |
| lexeme 2 | anohito (あの人) | |
| meaning 1 | that + person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, that person over there (third person singular) | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 37 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Jaqaru | |
| lexeme | aka, uka | |
| meaning 1 | this, that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular (referring to non-humans) | aka ‘this’ and uka ‘that’ |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 38 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Jeju | |
| lexeme 1 | geu (그) + ai (아이) | |
| lexeme 2 | gai (가이) | |
| meaning 1 | that + kid, child | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | Gain na beos-i-u-da. (가인 나 벗이우다.) She's my friend. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 39 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Jeju | |
| lexeme 1 | i (이) + ai (아이) | |
| lexeme 2 | yai (야이) | |
| meaning 1 | this + kid, child | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 40 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Judeo-Italian | |
| lexeme | ʔeso /esso/ (אֵיסוֹ) | |
| meaning 1 | that | אִין טִִינְפוֹ אֵיסוֹ דִיטוֹ דֵי דוּמֵידֵית טְרַאיֵירַאנוֹ לִי אוֹסִי דֵי לִי רֵי דֵי יְהוּדַה אֵי לִי אוֹסִי דֵי לִי פְרִינְצִיפִי סוּאִי אֵי לִי אוֹסִי דֵי לִי סַאצֵירְדוֹטִי אֵי לִי אוֹסִי דֵי לִי פְרוּפֵֿיטִי אֵי לִי אוֹסִי דֵי לִי סְטַאיֵינְטִי דֵי יְרוּשַלַיִם דַא לִי סוּטֵירַאטוֹרִיאִי לוּרִי׃ ʔin ṭinəpo ʔeso diṭo de dumedeṯ
ṭəraʔyeraʔno li ʔosi de li re de yəhudah ʔe li ʔosi de li pərinəṣepi
suʔi ʔe li ʔosi de li saʔṣerədoṭi ʔe li ʔosi de li pərup̄eṭi ʔe li ʔosi
de li səṭaʔyenəṭi de yərušalayim daʔ li suṭeraʔṭoriʔi luri. "At that time," [was] a declaration of the Lord, "they will take the bones of the kings of Judah, and the bones of its princes, and the bones of the priests, and the bones of the prophets, and the bones of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, out of their graves." |
| direction | ← | |
| meaning 2 | he, him | אִין פְלַאנְטוֹ וֵירַאנוֹ אֵי אִין רֵיפְיַיאטַאמֵינְטִי קוּנְדוּרַאייוֹ אֵיסִי פַֿארַאייוֹ יִירֵי אֵיסִי אַה פְֿלוּמִי דֵי אַקוּוִי אִין וִיאַה דֵירִיטַה נוּן סֵירַאנוֹ אִינְצַאנְפַאטִי אִין אֵיסַה קֵי פֿוּאִי אַה יִשְרַﭏ אַה פַאטֵירוֹ אֵי אֶפְֿרַיִם פֵֿירְצוּרוֹ מִיאוֹ אֵיסוֹ׃ ʔin pəlaʔnəṭo weraʔno ʔe ʔin repəyyaʔṭaʔmenəṭi qunəduraʔyyo ʔesi p̄aʔraʔyyo yire ʔesi ʔah p̄əlumi de ʔaquwi ʔin wiʔah deriṭah nun seraʔno ʔinṣaʔnəpaʔṭi ʔin ʔesah qe p̄uʔi ʔah yišəraʔel ʔah paʔṭero ʔe ʔep̄ərayim p̄erṣuro miʔo ʔeso. /In planto verranno e in repjjatamenti cundurrajjo essi; farajjo jire essi a flumi de acqui, in via derita — nun seranno incianpati in essa — ché fui a Yišəraʾel a patero, e ʾEp̄ərayim ferzuro mio esso./ Lu libero de Jirmiau, The Book of Jeremiah chapter 31, verse 9, leaf 27, right page, lines 6–9: https://www.nli.org.il/En/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docid=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001090500205171-1#$FL22558172&FL=FL22558345 They shall come weeping, and with petitions will I lead them: I shall make them go to rivers of waters, in a right way—they will not stumble in it—for I was a father to Israel, and Ephraim, he [is] my firstborn. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From Classical Latin ipsum, accusative form of ipse (“himself; the very”). |
|
| NEW Realization 41 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kalmyk | |
| lexeme | тер | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 42 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme | avanu (ಅವನು) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 43 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme | iva (ಇವ) | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 44 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kannada | |
| lexeme | ivanu (ಇವನು) | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 45 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Karakhanid Uighur | |
| lexeme | ol | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 46 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kariyarra | |
| lexeme | nguñu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 47 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kariyarra | |
| lexeme | palu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 48 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kelabit | |
| lexeme | dih | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | it | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 49 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Khakas | |
| lexeme | ол | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 50 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme | ce | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 51 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme | ku | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 52 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme | geu (그) | |
| meaning 1 | that (of what has been already said or known) | geunde banggeum geu yeoja nugueyo? (근데 방금 그 여자 누구에요?) By the way, who is that girl? |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (literary) he, she | Geuneun amureon maldo eopsi gabeoryeotda. (그는 아무런 말도 없이 가버렸다.) He/She left without saying anything. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 53 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme 1 | i (이) + saram (사람) | |
| lexeme 2 | i saram (이 사람) | |
| meaning 1 | this + person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 54 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme 1 | geu (그) + i (이) | |
| lexeme 2 | geu'i (그이) | |
| meaning 1 | this + person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (polite) he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 55 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme 1 | i (이) + bun (분) | |
| lexeme 2 | ibun (이분) | |
| meaning 1 | this + (honorific) person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 56 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Korean | |
| lexeme 1 | geu (그) + ae (애) | |
| lexeme 2 | gyae (걔) | |
| meaning 1 | that + kid, child | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | In colloquial Korean, 걔 (along with deictic variants 얘 (yae), 쟤 (jae)) is the word that most closely resembles the English third-person pronoun. Despite the etymology, it can be used for all human referents with the restrictions given below, and is value-neutral. the use of 걔 implies that the person being referred to by the pronoun is of equal or lower social rank compared to the speaker. When referring to a social superior, speakers use either a title, a word referring to the relationship between the speaker and the addressee, or circumlocutional phrases like 그분 (geubun, “that [honored] person”). Thus a college student may use the pronoun 걔 to refer to a classmate, but their professor must be referred to as 교수님 (gyosunim, “honorable professor”). |
|
| NEW Realization 57 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Kurrama | |
| lexeme | ngunhat | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 58 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Late Latin | |
| lexeme | ille | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 59 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Corsican | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ellu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | Ellu ùn hà mai toccu a terra. He hasn't ever touched the earth. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 60 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | French | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | il | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 61 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Aromanian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 62 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Leonese | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | él | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 63 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Aragones | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | él | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 64 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Catalan | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ell | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 65 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Dalmatian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | jal | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 66 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Friulian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | lui | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Inherited from Late Latin illui. | |
| NEW Realization 67 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Franco-Provençal | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | il | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, it (third-person singular masculine nominative) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 68 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Istriot | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 69 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Italian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | egli, lui | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 70 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Ladin | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ël | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Gherdëina, Badiot) he | Ël ie tlo. He is here. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | al (Badiot) |
|
| NEW Realization 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Megleno-Romanian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | iel | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 72 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Neapolitan | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ’e | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | him, her (dative) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 73 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Galician | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 74 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Occitan | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 75 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Portuguese | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ele | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 76 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Romanian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | DER | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 77 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Romansh | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | el | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 78 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Spanish | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | él | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | Él es mi hermano. He is my brother. |
| reference | Corominas, Pascual | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 79 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Venetian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | elo | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 80 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Sicilian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | iḍḍu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | Iḍḍu' avi na màchina russa He has a red car. |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | iddu (eye dialect) |
|
| NEW Realization 81 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | Emilian | |
| lexeme 1 | ille | |
| lexeme 2 | ló | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, him (emphatic form) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 82 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Latvian | |
| lexeme | viņš | |
| meaning 1 | that | aiziet līdz viņam stūriem to go up to that corner |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | enāca lektors, viņu saņēma aplausiem the lecturer came in, (the audience) received him with applause |
| reference | Tezaurs.lv English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 83 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Lezgian | |
| lexeme 1 | a | |
| lexeme 2 | am | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 143 | |
| comment | a + absolutive |
|
| NEW Realization 84 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Macedonian | |
| lexeme | тој | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | Тој ми рече дека се најдобрите ученици во класот. He told me that they're the best students in the class. |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 85 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Malay | |
| language 2 | Indonesian | |
| lexeme | itu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | it | |
| reference | SEALang Indonesia English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 86 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malayalam | |
| lexeme | avan, avaḷ, ivan, ivaḷ | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Bhat 2013 | |
| comment | avan (M), avaḷ (F) ‘remote’ and ivan (M), ivaḷ (F) ‘proximal’ |
|
| NEW Realization 87 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | uǝ | |
| meaning 1 | (Yongshou dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin) that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Yongshou dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin) person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 142 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 88 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexeme | nà (那) | |
| meaning 1 | that; those | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Lanzhou) he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 89 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Marathi | |
| lexeme | te (ते) | |
| meaning 1 | that | te ghar mājhe āhe. (ते घर माझे आहे.) That house is mine. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, it | te mājhe vaḍīl āhet. (ते माझे वडील आहेत.) He is my father. |
| reference | Molesworth 1857 | |
| comment | Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/berntsen_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |
|
| NEW Realization 90 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Middle Dutch | |
| language 2 | Limburgish | |
| lexeme 1 | die | |
| lexeme 2 | dae | |
| meaning 1 | that one | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | deë (Southeast Limburgish), déë (Eupen), daeë (Voeren), dee (Maastrichtian) |
|
| NEW Realization 91 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Min Dong (Eastern Min) | |
| lexeme | ĭ (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 92 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme | αυτός | |
| meaning 1 | this | αυτό θέλω. I want this. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | DSMG | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 93 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Mongolian (Khalkha) | |
| lexeme | тэр | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 94 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | New South Wales Pidgin | |
| lexeme | dat | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 143 | |
| comment | < English that |
|
| NEW Realization 95 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarla | |
| lexeme | nguñi | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 96 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ngarluma | |
| lexeme | ngunhu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 97 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Nhanta (Nhanda) | |
| language 2 | Burduna (Bayungu, Payungu) | |
| lexeme 1 | ala | |
| lexeme 2 | pala | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 98 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Nhanta (Nhanda) | |
| language 2 | Kuyani (Adnyamathanha, Guyani) | |
| lexeme 1 | anha | |
| lexeme 2 | vanha | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 99 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nyamal | |
| lexeme | nguña | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 100 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Nyangumarta | |
| language 2 | Thalanyji | |
| lexeme | pala | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 101 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nyiyaparli | |
| lexeme | nguña ~ ngunha | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 102 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Chinese | |
| lexeme | *ʔij | |
| meaning 1 | this, that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, him; she, her; it [from 5th c.] | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 103 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Chinese | |
| lexeme | *pajʔ (彼) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 104 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Chinese | |
| lexeme | *ɡɯ (其) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 105 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Chinese | |
| lexeme | *tjɯ (之) | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | him, her, it, them, when it appears in a non-subject position in the sentence. | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 106 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Georgian | |
| lexeme | igi (იგი) | |
| meaning 1 | that (remote from both the speaker (1st person) and hearer (2nd person)) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | Čikobava et al. 1964 | |
| comment | http://ena.ge/explanatory-online?ls=YToyOntzOjEyOiJ3b3JkX21ldGF1cmkiO3M6OToi4YOY4YOS4YOYIjtzOjExOiJ3b3JkX3N0YXRpYSI7czowOiIiO30= |
|
| NEW Realization 107 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Tupian | |
| lexeme | a'e | |
| meaning 1 | (nonvisible) that; those | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | Navarro 2013: 10-11 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 108 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Turkic | |
| lexeme | ul¹ /ol/ | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 123 |
|
| NEW Realization 109 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Oriya | |
| lexeme | se (ସେ) | |
| meaning 1 | that (distal) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | Praharaj 1931-1940 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 110 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pali | |
| lexeme | so | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, it | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 111 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Palula (Phalura, Ashreti) | |
| lexeme | so | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, it | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “so”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7), Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives |
|
| NEW Realization 112 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pashto | |
| lexeme | hağë | |
| meaning 1 | that, those | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she (invisible singular third person) | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 113 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Pontic Greek | |
| lexeme | αβούτος | |
| meaning 1 | this, that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Papadópoulos, Ánthimos (1958), “ἀβοῦτος”, in Ιστορικόν λεξικόν της ποντικής διαλέκτου [An historical dictionary of the Pontic dialect] (Παράρτημα περιοδικού «Αρχείον Πόντου»; 3), volume I, Athens: Myrtidis, page 81b, assumes the word is formed as Turkish ha (deictic particle) + Ancient Greek οὗτος (hoûtos) |
|
| NEW Realization 114 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Punjabi | |
| lexeme | uha (ਉਹ) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | him, her | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Inherited from Sanskrit असौ (asáu, “that”) Singh, Bhai Maya (1895), The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/singh_query.py?qs=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B9&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |
|
| NEW Realization 115 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Puxian Min | |
| lexeme | i1 (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 116 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sanskrit | |
| lexeme | sá (स) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | MW: 1111 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 117 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Semantic evolution | |
| language 1 | Sanskrit | |
| language 2 | Sindhi | |
| lexeme 1 | asau (असौ) | |
| lexeme 2 | hu (ھو) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 118 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Southern Min (Min Nan) | |
| lexeme | i1 (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 119 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Southern Sami | |
| lexeme | dïhte | |
| meaning 1 | it, that, the, the aforementioned | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland http://kaino.kotus.fi/algu/index.php?kkieli=en&t=lekseemi&lekseemi_id=105241 |
|
| NEW Realization 120 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sranan Tongo | |
| lexeme | da | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | it | |
| reference | Heine, Kuteva et al. 2019: 143 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 121 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sylheti | |
| lexeme | he (ꠢꠦ) | |
| meaning 1 | that | he beṭa xe? (ꠢꠦ ꠛꠦꠐꠣ ꠇꠦ?) Who is that man? |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Gwynn, Roger (2016), Londoni Sylheti dictionary, Part I : Sylheti-English, Middletown, DE: Acre Press. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sylheti_query.py?qs=he&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact |
|
| NEW Realization 122 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Taiwanese Hokkien | |
| lexeme | i / ī (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 123 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Teochew (Chaozhou) | |
| lexeme | i1 (伊) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 124 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkish | |
| lexeme | o | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | Jusipova 2005 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 125 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Turkmen | |
| lexeme | ol | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 126 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Tuvan | |
| lexeme | ол | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 127 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uighur | |
| lexeme | u | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 128 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Unami | |
| lexeme | nàni | |
| meaning 1 | that one (animate), that person | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 129 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Urdu | |
| lexeme | vo (وہ) | |
| meaning 1 | that, those | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it, they | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Most likely from Old Hindi उहु (uhu), उहुं (uhuṃ), from Apabhramsa ओहु (ohu), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑁄 (aho), from Sanskrit असौ (asau, “that”). The inflected forms are formed by analogy with its proximal counterpart یِہ (ye). Development of Pronominal Systems from Apabhraṃśa to New Indo-Aryan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 39, number 2, April 1996, pages 111-132 |
|
| NEW Realization 130 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Urdu | |
| lexeme | ye (یہ) | |
| meaning 1 | this, these | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | this; he; she; it; they (proximal third person personal pronoun) | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Inherited from Old Hindi यहु (yahu), from Apabhramsa एहु m (ehu), एह f (eha), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀲𑁄 m (eso), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 f (esā), from Sanskrit एषः m (eṣaḥ), एषा f (eṣā) Oberlies, Thomas (2005), A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, page 22 |
|
| NEW Realization 131 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Uzbek | |
| lexeme | u | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | ESTJA: 1, 444 | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 132 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme 1 | ấy + ông | |
| lexeme 2 | ấy | |
| meaning 1 | (chiefly Northern Vietnam) that; those + grandfather; old man; (honorific) man | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (Northern Vietnam) he (older or respected man) | |
| reference | English Wiktionary SEAlang Vietnamese | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 133 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Vietnamese | |
| lexeme 1 | ấy + anh | |
| lexeme 2 | anh ấy | |
| meaning 1 | (chiefly Northern Vietnam) that; those + elder brother | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | SEAlang Vietnamese English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 134 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Votic | |
| lexeme | tämä | |
| meaning 1 | this | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), Vadja keele sõnaraamat, 2nd edition, Tallinn https://www.eki.ee/dict/vadja/index.cgi?Q=t%C3%A4m%C3%A4 |
|
| NEW Realization 135 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Wu Chinese | |
| lexeme | 2ji (其) | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | third-person singular | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 136 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yakut | |
| lexeme | ол | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | it (inanimate) | |
| reference | SakhaTyla.Ru | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 137 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Yami | |
| language 2 | Thao | |
| lexeme 1 | u-itu | |
| lexeme 2 | c-icu | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | ACD | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 138 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Yindjibarndi | |
| lexeme | ngunhaː | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he, she, it | |
| reference | EvoSem | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 139 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Zazaki | |
| lexeme | o | |
| meaning 1 | that | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | he | |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
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