coal charcoal 87 realizations Multi-area
ACCEPTED Realization 1
type Polysemy
language Ancient Greek
lexeme ἄνθραξ
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference LSJ
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 2
type Polysemy
language Belarusan
lexeme вугаль
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Slounik.org
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 3
type Polysemy
language Bengali
lexeme koẏla (কয়লা)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Turner Indo-Aryan Comparative Dictionary: 181
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 4
type Polysemy
language Bikol
lexeme karbón
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 5
type Polysemy
language Bosnian
lexeme ugalj
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 6
type Derivation
language Burmese
lexeme 1 kyaukmi:swe: (ကျောက်မီးသွေး)
lexeme 2 mi:swe: (မီးသွေး)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Burmrse
comment

kyauk (ကျောက်) 'stone, rock, flint'

ACCEPTED Realization 7
type Polysemy
language Catalan
lexeme carbó
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference DIEC2
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 8
type Polysemy
language Chuvash
lexeme кӑмрӑк
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Электронлă сăмахсар
comment

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kömür 'coal'

ACCEPTED Realization 9
type Polysemy
language Croatian
lexeme ugljen
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference HJP
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 10
type Polysemy
language Croatian
lexeme ćumur
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 11
type Derivation
language Czech
lexeme 1 uhlí
lexeme 2 dřevěné uhlí
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SSJČ
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 12
type Polysemy
language Dakota
lexeme chaxdí
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 13
type Derivation
language Dutch
lexeme 1 kool
lexeme 2 houtskool
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference HWNF
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 14
type Derivation
language English
lexeme 1 coal
lexeme 2 charcoal
meaning 1 black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel
direction
meaning 2 impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter
reference NBARS
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 15
type Polysemy
language Esperanto
lexeme karbo
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto https://vortaro.net/#karbo_kd

ACCEPTED Realization 16
type Polysemy
language Estonian
lexeme süsi
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference EKSS
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 17
type Polysemy
language Faroese
lexeme kol
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 18
type Polysemy
language Farsi
lexeme zoġâl (زغال)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 19
type Polysemy
language Finnish
lexeme hiili
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Kielitoimiston sanakirja
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 20
type Derivation
language French
lexeme 1 charbon
lexeme 2 charbon de bois
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference CNRTL
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 21
type Polysemy
language Friulian
lexeme cjarbon
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 22
type Polysemy
language Georgian
lexeme 1 naxširi (ნახშირი) + xe (ხე)
lexeme 2 xis naxširi (ხის ნახშირი)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 23
type Polysemy
language Gujarati
lexeme koyalo (કોયલો)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Turner Indo-Aryan Comparative Dictionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 24
type Polysemy
language Hawaiian
lexeme lānahu
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
NEW Realization 25
type Polysemy
language Hiligaynon
lexeme bága
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Hiligaynon
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 26
type Polysemy
language Hindi
lexeme koylā (कोयला)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference McGregor 1993: 217
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 27
type Derivation
language Hungarian
lexeme 1 szén + fa
lexeme 2 faszén
meaning 1 coal + tree, wood
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Gal’di 1987
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 28
type Polysemy
language Ilocano
lexeme uging
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Ilocano
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 29
type Derivation
language Indonesian
lexeme 1 batu bara
lexeme 2 bara
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEALang Indonesia
comment

batu 'stone'

ACCEPTED Realization 30
type Polysemy
language Isneg (Isnag)
lexeme uxing
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 31
type Polysemy
language Italian
lexeme carbone
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Vocabolario Treccani
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 32
type Derivation
language Jèrriais (Jersey Norman French)
lexeme 1 tchèrbon
lexeme 2 tchèrbon d'bouais
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 33
type Polysemy
language Khmer
lexeme thyuung (ធ្យូង)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Khmer
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 34
type Derivation
language Lao
lexeme 1 thān hīn (ຖ່ານຫີນ)
lexeme 2 thān (ຖ່ານ)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Lao
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 35
type Polysemy
language Latin
lexeme carbo, carbonis
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Lewis, Short
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 36
type Polysemy
language Latvian
lexeme ògle
meaning 1 coal

ogļu ieguve


coal mining

direction
meaning 2 charcoal

ogles zīmējumi 


charcoal drawings

reference Tezaurs.lv
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 37
type Polysemy
language Lithuanian
lexeme angli̇̀s
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference LRŽ
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 38
type Polysemy
language Ludic Karelian
lexeme hiilʹ
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

M. Pahomov (2022) Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎, Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, page 47 https://www.karjalansivistysseura.fi/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Luudi-venan-vena-luudin-sanakird.pdf 

ACCEPTED Realization 39
type Polysemy
language Macedonian
lexeme јаглен
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик http://drmj.eu/search/%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD 

ACCEPTED Realization 40
type Polysemy
language Macedonian
lexeme ќумур
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 41
type Polysemy
language Maguindanao
lexeme uling
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 42
type Polysemy
language Malagasy
lexeme 1 arintany
lexeme 2 arina
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment

tany 'earth; soil; land'

ACCEPTED Realization 43
type Polysemy
language Malay
lexeme arang
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference PRPM
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 44
type Derivation
language Malay
lexeme 1 arang batu
lexeme 2 arang
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEALang Malay
comment

batu 'stone'

ACCEPTED Realization 45
type Polysemy
language Manchu
lexeme yaha
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 46
type Polysemy
language Maori
lexeme waro
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference MD
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 47
type Polysemy
language Maranao
lexeme oring
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 48
type Polysemy
language Marathi
lexeme koḷsā (कोळसा)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Molesworth 1857: 188
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 49
type Polysemy
language Meadow Mari
lexeme шӱй
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Marij jylme muter
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 50
type Polysemy
language Middle Irish
lexeme gúal
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference eDIL
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 51
type Cognates
language 1 Mingrelian
language 2 Laz
lexeme 1 noškveri (ნოშქვერი)
lexeme 2 noşkeri (ნოშქერი)
meaning 1 coal

noškerǯgura uča tolepi (ნოშქერჯგურა უჩა თოლეფი)


Eyes as black as coal

direction
meaning 2 charcoal

şanak noşkerite darabaz geloğarams (შანაქ ნოშქერითე დარაბაზ გელოღარამს)


Shana draws on wooden panel with charcoal

reference <personally collected data>
comment

Compare Laz çomuri (ჩომური) 'coal'

Kajaia, Otar (2005), “ნოშქვერი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni [Mingrelian–Georgian Dictionary], online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 1059 https://archive.org/stream/kajaia#page/n1058/mode/1up 

Kojima, Gôichi (2012–), “noşk’eri (PZ ~ AŞ), noşkeri/ noşkeyi (FN ~ ÇX)”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎ http://ayla7.free.fr/laz/index.html 
Marr, N. (1910) Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 174 https://archive.org/details/MarrLaz/page/174/mode/1up 
Tandilava, Ali (2013), “ნოშქერი”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni, online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi https://lev.tsu.ge/liv/lazur.php 

ACCEPTED Realization 52
type Polysemy
language Modern Greek
lexeme άνθρακας
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference DSMG
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 53
type Polysemy
language Modern Written Arabic
lexeme faḥm (فَحْم)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Wehr
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 54
type Polysemy
language Montenegrin
lexeme ugalj
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 55
type Polysemy
language Neapolitan
lexeme cravone
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 212

ACCEPTED Realization 56
type Polysemy
language Norwegian
lexeme kull
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference BO
comment

Bokmål

ACCEPTED Realization 57
type Polysemy
language Ottoman Turkish
lexeme kömür (كومور)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Redhouse 1890: 1604
comment

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kömür 'coal'

ACCEPTED Realization 58
type Polysemy
language Pangasinan
lexeme oring
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 59
type Polysemy
language Polish
lexeme węgiel
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference WSJP
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 60
type Polysemy
language Portuguese
lexeme carvão
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference DPLP
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 61
type Polysemy
language Punjabi
lexeme koilā (ਕੋਇਲਾ)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Singh 1895: 622
comment

Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026 http://dic.learnpunjabi.org/default.aspx?look=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE

ACCEPTED Realization 62
type Derivation
language Romagnol
lexeme 1 carbôn
lexeme 2 carbôn d’lègna
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

Masotti, Adelmo (1996), Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano, Bologna: Zanichelli, page 105

NEW Realization 63
type Polysemy
language Romani
lexeme angar
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994) Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 7b
Marcel Courthiade (2009) Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek], Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, page 62ab

ACCEPTED Realization 64
type Polysemy
language Romanian
lexeme cărbune
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference DEX98
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 65
type Polysemy
language Russian
lexeme уголь
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference BAS
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 66
type Polysemy
language Serbian
lexeme угаљ (ugalj)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 67
type Polysemy
language Serbian
lexeme ћумур (ćumur)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 68
type Polysemy
language Silesian
lexeme wōngel
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

https://dykcjonorz.eu/dykcjonorz/wongel

https://silling.org/slownik/w%C5%8Dngel

Bogdan Kallus (2020), “wōngel”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 411
Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “wōng(i)el”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 151

ACCEPTED Realization 69
type Polysemy
language Slovak
lexeme uhlie
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference KSSJ
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 70
type Polysemy
language Slovenian
lexeme prêmog
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SSKJ2
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 71
type Polysemy
language Spanish
lexeme carbón
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference DRAE
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 72
type Polysemy
language Swahili
lexeme mkaa
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 73
type Polysemy
language Swedish
lexeme kol
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SAOB
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 74
type Derivation
language Thai
lexeme 1 tàan-hǐn (ถ่านหิน)
lexeme 2 tàan (ถ่าน)
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Thai
comment

hǐn (หิน) 'stone, rock'

ACCEPTED Realization 75
type Polysemy
language Turkish
lexeme kömür
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Jusipova 2005
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 76
type Polysemy
language Tuvan
lexeme хөмүр
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Tenišev 2008
comment
NEW Realization 77
type Polysemy
language Ukrainian
lexeme вугіль
meaning 1 coal

Я пам'ятаю, у забої рубали вугіль шахтарі (Сос., Солов. далі, 1957, 59); Тевтоніє! Мене ти пожирала, як вішала моїх дочок, синів і як залізо, хліб та вугіль крала... (Тич., II, 1957, 161)

direction
meaning 2 (rare) charcoal

Ходили ще дві баби-лікарки, - ті баби знов напували водою з трьома вуглями (Вовчок, VI, 1956, 248); Її [липи] кора була така чорна, що навіть тепер, на тлі хмарної ночі, вирізнялася, мов намальована вуглем на сірому полотні (Дмит., Наречена, 1959, 206)

reference SUM-11
comment
NEW Realization 78
type Polysemy
language Vietnamese
lexeme than
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Vietnamese
comment

than đá 'coal' (than + 'stone, rock')

than củi 'charcoal' (than + 'firewood')

ACCEPTED Realization 79
type Polysemy
language Võro
lexeme hüdsi
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 80
type Polysemy
language Votic
lexeme süsi
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎, 2nd edition, Tallinn

ACCEPTED Realization 81
type Derivation
language Walloon
lexeme 1 tcherbon
lexeme 2 tcherbon d' bwès
meaning 1 coal

tcherbonaedje


coal mine

direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 82
type Polysemy
language Waray
lexeme uring
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SEAlang Waray
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 83
type Polysemy
language Welsh
lexeme glo
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference Geiriadur
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 84
type Polysemy
language White Hmong (Hmong Daw)
lexeme thee
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference English Wiktionary
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 85
type Polysemy
language Xinping Nisu
lexeme mɚ̱³³ʂɚ̱³³
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference CLICS-3
comment
ACCEPTED Realization 86
type Polysemy
language Yakut
lexeme чох
meaning 1 coal
direction
meaning 2 charcoal
reference SakhaTyla.Ru
comment

таас чох 'coal' (lit. 'stone coal')

ACCEPTED Realization 87
type Polysemy
language Zulu
lexeme îlâhle
meaning 1 piece of coal
direction
meaning 2 piece of charcoal
reference <personally collected data>
comment

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972) Zulu-English Dictionary