Related shifts
| ID | Relation type | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| NEW Realization 1 (ID: 52956) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Bulgarian | |
| lexeme | дявол | |
| meaning 1 | devil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | По дяволите! Damn it! |
| reference | English Wiktionary RNBE | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 2 (ID: 53023) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Classical Arabic | |
| language 2 | Russian | |
| lexeme 1 | šayṭān- (شَيْطَان) | |
| lexeme 2 | шайтан | |
| meaning 1 | devil, demon, satan, evil spirit | aš-šayṭān-u l-waswās-u l-ḫannās-u (lit.) the Devil (satan), whispering, the one who withdraws |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | У-у, шайтан! ― рассердился Илья и потрогал оцарапанное лицо, по которому струйкой стекала кровь. ― Шайтан! (Липскеров, Последний сон разума) "Ooh, you devil!" Ilya exclaimed angrily, touching his scratched face—a thin stream of blood was trickling down it. "You devil!" |
| reference | Fasmer 1986: 4, 395 Baranov: I 424 | |
| comment | From PNWS*śṭn 'to be(come) hostile, to accuse'. Borrowed in Russian in the XVIth cent. from Arabic via Turkish šäitan, Tatar šaitan, cf. in other Turkic languages (Kazakh, Kyrgyz) шайтан алгыр 'Damn it! What the hell!'. |
|
| NEW Realization 3 (ID: 52964) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Danish | |
| lexeme | fanden | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | Hvordan fanden gjorde du det? How the hell did you do that? |
| reference | DDO English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 4 (ID: 52961) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Esperanto | |
| lexeme 1 | diablo | |
| lexeme 2 | diable | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | An exclamation expressing unpleasant surprise or angry dissatisfaction | diable! mi forgesis la monujon! damn it! I forgot my wallet! |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | PIV 2020 https://vortaro.net/#diablo_kd |
|
| NEW Realization 5 (ID: 52957) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | piru | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | Piru vie! Devil, take! |
| reference | English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 6 (ID: 52958) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | perkele | |
| meaning 1 | devil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | Perkele, se on hidas! Damn it's slow! |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja English Wiktionary | |
| comment | From Proto-Finnic *perkeleh, from the root *përku, borrowed from Baltic (compare Latvian pērkons, Lithuanian Perkūnas), more specifically the name of a Baltic god of thunder. The term was adopted as a term for the devil during the Christianization of Finland (it is attested in this sense since the time of Mikael Agricola (output c. 1543–1552)), but it was likely an expletive even before then, and may even have been borrowed into the Finnic languages as an expletive to begin with. Usually considered to have a particular strength or seriousness compared to other swear words, despite not being considered as dirty. Quite often considered a stereotypically "Finnish" word, used for such effect in informal contexts. Kallio, Petri (2020–), Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] https://sanat.csc.fi/wiki/Etymologiadata:imsm:p%C3%ABrku%E2%87%92 |
|
| NEW Realization 7 (ID: 52959) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme | saatana | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | (mildly vulgar) damn, dammit | |
| reference | English Wiktionary Kielitoimiston sanakirja | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 8 (ID: 52960) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Finnish | |
| lexeme 1 | hiisi | |
| lexeme 2 | hiito | |
| meaning 1 | (mythology, folklore) devil, demon (malicious creature) | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | Mihin hittoon se tyyppi meni? Where the hell did that guy go? |
| reference | Kielitoimiston sanakirja English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 9 (ID: 52950) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme | diable | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | dash it!, deuce! | |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO CNRTL NFRS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 10 (ID: 52955) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme | Teufel | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | in exclamations, curses, and imprecations | |
| reference | DWDS | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 11 (ID: 52966) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Modern Greek | |
| lexeme 1 | διάβολος | |
| lexeme 2 | διάβολε | |
| meaning 1 | devil | Ο διάβολος ζει στην κόλαση. The Devil lives in Hell. |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | damn! | Διάβολε! Ξέχασα το διαβατήριο! Damn it! I forgot the passport. |
| reference | English Wiktionary DSMG | |
| comment | διάβολε is vocative singular of διάβολος |
|
| NEW Realization 12 (ID: 52963) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Norwegian | |
| lexeme | faen | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | Hva faen er det du driver med? What the fuck are you doing? |
| reference | BO | |
| comment | Bokmål and Nynorsk |
|
| NEW Realization 13 (ID: 52949) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Russian | |
| lexeme | черт | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 14 (ID: 52962) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Swedish | |
| lexeme | fan | |
| meaning 1 | devil, satan | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | damn | Fan (också)! Jag glömde nycklarna. Damn! I forgot my keys. |
| reference | SAOB English Wiktionary | |
| comment | ||
| NEW Realization 15 (ID: 52965) | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ukrainian | |
| lexeme | бiс | |
| meaning 1 | devil | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | curse | що за біс what the hell? |
| reference | SUM-11 | |
| comment | ||