to calculate, count
→
to tell
16 realizations
Related shifts
| ID | Meaning 1 | Direction | Meaning 2 |
| ACCEPTED Realization 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Ancient Hebrew | |
| lexeme 1 | סִפֵּר sippēr (pi'el-stem) | |
| lexeme 2 | סִפֵּר sippēr | |
| meaning 1 | to count out, count over again | mī-yəsappēr šəḥāḳīm bə-ḥoḵmā (Job 38:37) Who counts the clouds by wisdom? |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to report, tell | wa-yyaḥălom ʕod ḥălom ʔaḥēr wa-yəsappēr ʔoto lə-ʔeḥāw (Gen. 37: 9) And he dreamed also another dream, and he narrated it to his brothers. |
| reference | HAL: 766 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Internal cognates | |
| language | French | |
| lexeme 1 | compter | |
| lexeme 2 | raconter | |
| meaning 1 | to count | compter les élèves de la classe to count the pupils in a class |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, to narrate | raconter une histoire to tell a story |
| reference | CNRTL | |
| comment | Also Ital. contare ‘count’, raccontare ‘narrate’ | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | German | |
| lexeme 1 | zählen | |
| lexeme 2 | erzählen | |
| meaning 1 | to count | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, to narrate | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | Cf. Zahl 'number', Engl. tale, also obs. ‘number’. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Hungarian | |
| lexeme 1 | számol | |
| lexeme 2 | beszámol | |
| meaning 1 | count, render/give an account of something | százig számolni to count up to a hundred |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | give an account of something, relate something | |
| reference | Гальди 1974: 87, 675 | |
| comment | Haser 2000, 181 | |
| NEW Realization 5 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Italian | |
| lexeme | contare | |
| meaning 1 | to calculate, count | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, narrate | |
| reference | ABBYY LINGUO | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Borrowing | |
| language 1 | Latin | |
| language 2 | German | |
| lexeme 1 | ratio | |
| lexeme 2 | Rede | |
| meaning 1 | count | |
| meaning 2 | speech | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Possibly Indo-European cognates. | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 7 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Malayalam | |
| lexeme | ennuka | |
| meaning 1 | count, number | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | esteem, relate | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 181 | |
| NEW Realization 8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Middle English | |
| lexeme | tale | |
| meaning 1 | to calculate, count | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, narrate | |
| reference | OED: 3173 | |
| comment | Middle English tale, from Old English talu "piece of information, story, narrative, fable; statement or relation of events alleged to be true;" This is from Proto-Germanic *talō (source also of Dutch taal "speech, language," Danish tale "speech, talk, discourse," German Erzählung "story," also compare Gothic talzjan "to teach"). This is reconstructed in Watkins to be from a PIE root *del- (2) "to recount, count." Also in Old English it meant "series, calculation," and the secondary Modern English sense was "number, numerical quantity, numerical reckoning" (c. 1200). If the etymology is correct this might be nearer to the prehistoric Germanic sense. See tell (v.), teller, and compare cognate Old Frisian tale, Middle Dutch tal, Old Saxon tala, Danish tal "number;" Old High German zala "number; message," Middle High German zale, "number, message, talk, tale;" German Zahl "number." |
|
| ACCEPTED Realization 9 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Modern Hebrew | |
| lexeme | מִסְפֶָּר mispār | |
| meaning 1 | number, quantity | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | narrative | wa-yəhī ḵišmōˁa giḏəˁōn ˀäṯ-mispar ha-ḥălōm wə-ˀäṯ-šiḇrō wa-yyištāḥū (Ju 7:15) When Gideon heard the account of the dream and its interpretation, he bowed in worship. |
| reference | HAL: root 5385 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 10 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Nahuatl | |
| lexeme | pōhua | |
| meaning 1 | count something | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | read something, recount, relate, or give account of something | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 182 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 11 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Old Uighur | |
| lexeme | са- | |
| meaning 1 | to count | |
| meaning 2 | to speak | |
| reference | ||
| comment | ЭСТЯ 7, 124 | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 12 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Portuguese | |
| lexeme | contar | |
| meaning 1 | to reckon | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, to narrate | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Also in Spanish contar ‘to count’, ‘to narrate’. | |
| NEW Realization 13 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Spanish | |
| lexeme | contar | |
| meaning 1 | to calculate, count | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | to tell, narrate | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | ||
| SUSPENDED Realization 14 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Polysemy | |
| language | Sumerian | |
| lexeme | šit, šid | |
| meaning 1 | calculate, count | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | tell, recite | |
| reference | Haser 2000: 181 | |
| comment | ||
| ACCEPTED Realization 15 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Cognates | |
| language 1 | Swedish | |
| language 2 | Old Norse | |
| lexeme 1 | tälja | |
| lexeme 2 | telja | |
| meaning 1 | to count | |
| direction | — | |
| meaning 2 | to speak | |
| reference | <personally collected data> | |
| comment | cf the Old Icel. tal 'number; speech' | |
| ACCEPTED Realization 16 | ||
|---|---|---|
| type | Derivation | |
| language | Zulu | |
| lexeme 1 | ɓala | |
| lexeme 2 | ɓalisa | |
| meaning 1 | count, calculate, take into account | |
| direction | → | |
| meaning 2 | cause to count, recount the details of one`s personal affairs | |
| reference | ||
| comment | Haser 2000, 181 | |
Also Maya xok 'count' - u xoka`n kuxtal 'account of one`s life, thoughts and words' Haser 2000, 181-182